Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21666399›Full record

ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2011

Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Naomi Jean-Baptiste, Daniel K Benjamin, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Vance G Fowler, Matthew Laughon, Reese H Clark, P Brian Smith

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Evaluation of Empiric Nafcillin Versus Vancomycin for Suspected Late Onset Sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025
    Article
  6. Antibiotic exposure and infection epidemiology among newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025
    Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Neonatal Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Naomi Jean-BaptisteDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27715, USA.
Daniel K Benjamin
Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
Vance G Fowler
Matthew Laughon
Reese H Clark
P Brian Smith
Clinical Research Institute · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Pilot Project for the DTMI CRA ProgramUL1RR024128 · NCRR · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CALIFF, ROBERT M · 2006 to 2010
$48.1M
Prevention of Invasive Candidiasis: PK, Safety, and Neurodevelopmental OutcomesR01HD057956 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL K. · 2008 to 2012
$2.8M
Duke CTSITL1RR024126 · NCRR · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CALIFF, ROBERT M · 2006 to 2010
$2.2M
North Carolina Collaborative PPRU NetworkU10HD045962 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL K. · 2004 to 2009
$2.1M
Prevention of Invasive Candidiasis: PK, Safety, and Neurodevelopmental OutcomesR01FD003519 · FDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL K. · 2008 to 2011
$1.6M
Mentorship of early-career pediatricians in quantitiative methods and therapeuticK24HD058735 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL K. · 2009 to 2018
$1.5M
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics in Premature InfantsK23HD064814 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI COHEN-WOLKOWIEZ, MICHAEL · 2010 to 2013
$474k
PHARMACOKINETICS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN HIGH RISK INFANTSK23HD060040 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, PHILLIP BRIAN · 2009 to 2012
$445k
ASPE HHS 1R18AE000028-01FDA HHS 1R01FD003519-01FDA HHS R01 FD003519NCRR NIH HHS NIH-5UL-1RR024128-01NCRR NIH HHS TL1 RR024126NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024128NICHD NIH HHS 1K23HD060040-01NICHD NIH HHS 1K23HD064814-01NICHD NIH HHS 1K24HD058735-01NICHD NIH HHS 1R01HD057956-02NICHD NIH HHS 1U10-HD45962-06NICHD NIH HHS HHSN267200700051CNICHD NIH HHS K23 HD060040NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD064814NICHD NIH HHS K24 HD058735NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD057956NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045962
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most commonly isolated pathogens in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). CoNS infections are associated with increased morbidity, including neurodevelopmental impairment.

objectiveTo describe the epidemiology of CoNS infections in the NICU. To determine mortality among infants with definite, probable, or possible CoNS infections.

methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures from samples obtained from infants aged <121 postnatal days.

settingA total of 248 NICUs managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group from 1997 to 2009.

resultsWe identified 16,629 infants with 17,624 episodes of CoNS infection: 1,734 (10%) definite, 3,093 (17%) probable, and 12,797 (73%) possible infections. Infants with a lower gestational age and birth weight had a higher incidence of CoNS infection. When controlling for gestational age, birth weight, and 5-minute Apgar score, we found that infants with definite, probable, or possible CoNS infection had lower mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.61, 0.89], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.59, 0.79], and 0.69 [95% CI, 0.63, 0.76], respectively) compared with infants who had negative culture results (P = .001). No significant difference in overall mortality was found in infants who had definite CoNS infection compared with those who had probable or possible CoNS infection (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.75, 1.16] and 0.85 [95% CI, 0.70, 1.03], respectively).

conclusionsCoNS infection was strongly related to lower gestational age and birth weight. Infants with clinical sepsis and culture-positive CoNS infection had lower mortality rates than infants with clinical sepsis and negative blood culture results. No difference in mortality between infants with a diagnosis of definite, probable, or possible CoNS infection was observed.

Indexed as

Intensive Care Units, NeonatalBirth WeightCoagulaseCohort StudiesFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcusCoagulase

Identifiers

PMID21666399
PMCPMC3238054
OpenAlexW1974043338

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.