ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
The role of TLR4 activation in photoreceptor mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- The ameliorating effects of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells on blue light-induced rat retinal injury via modulation of TLR4 signaling, apoptosis, and glial cell activity.Cell and tissue research · 2024Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 Are Expressed in Epiretinal Membranes: Possible Links with Vitreous Levels of Complement Fragments and DAMP-Related Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pattern-Recognition Receptors and Immunometabolic Reprogramming: What We Know and What to Explore.Journal of innate immunity · 2024Review
- Suppressing Inflammation for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Dazdotuftide as a Potential New Multitarget Therapeutic Candidate.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 is required for microglia activation in the murine retina after systemic lipopolysaccharide exposure.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The cytokine IL-27 reduces inflammation and protects photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinal degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Review
- Damage-associated Molecular Patterns in Clinical and Animal Models of Uveitis.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation in retinitis pigmentosa: Therapies targeting the innate immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Quantitative proteomic analysis after neuroprotective MyD88 inhibition in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Kaempferide improves oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway in obese mice.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Article
- Increased Neuroprotective Microglia and Photoreceptor Survival in the Retina from a Peptide Inhibitor of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88).Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2020Article
- Photobiomodulation Mediates Neuroprotection against Blue Light Induced Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Immunometabolic modulation of retinal inflammation by CD36 ligand.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Amount of Mononuclear Phagocyte Infiltrate Does Not Predict Area of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV).Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2018Article
- Serum retinol-binding protein-induced endothelial inflammation is mediated through the activation of toll-like receptor 4.Molecular vision · 2017Article
- 17β-Estradiol Protects the Retinal Nerve Cells Suppressing TLR2 Mediated Immune-Inflammation and Apoptosis from Oxidative Stress Insult Independent of PI3K.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHerein the authors investigated whether the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune response causes retinal photoreceptor oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage.
methodsOn day 5 after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant containing heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CFA), retinas were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array focused on the TLR signaling, or apoptosis, pathway. CFA-mediated TLR4 activation, oxidative stress, and mtDNA damage were determined in B10.RIII and knockout (KO) mice (recombination activation gene [Rag] 1(KO), TLR4(KO), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 [MyD88](KO), tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α(KO), or caspase 7(KO) mice) using quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The mycobacterial DNA load on the retina, brain, liver, and spleen was determined by real-time PCR after intracardiac perfusion.
resultsPCR array demonstrated the upregulation of TLRs and their signaling molecules in retinas of CFA-injected mice compared with those of control animals without inflammatory cell infiltration in the retina and uvea. Mycobacterial DNA was detected in the retinas of CFA-injected mice. Retinas of CFA-injected animals showed oxidative stress and mtDNA damage, primarily in the photoreceptor inner segments. Upregulated TLR4 was localized with CD11b(+)MHCII(+) cells but not with GFAP(+) astrocytes. This oxidative stress/damage was similar in CFA-injected Rag1(KO) mice compared with wild-type controls. Such damage was absent in the retinas of CFA-injected TLR4(KO), MyD88(KO), and TNF-α(KO) mice. CFA-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the retina was significantly decreased in TNF-α(KO) mice.
conclusionsRetinal photoreceptors are susceptible to mitochondrial oxidative stress/mtDNA damage in robust TLR4-mediated innate immune response.
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