ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
VIP and growth factors in the infected cornea.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal VIP-amacrine cells: their development, structure, and function.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- CGRP at the Neuroimmune Interface: Regulator of Host Defense, Tumor Immunity, and Tissue Homeostasis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- PMToxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Article
- Review
- A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Immunological consequences of compromised ocular immune privilege accelerate retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cornea.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide inInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Reversal of Refractory Ulcerative Colitis and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms Arising from Immune Disturbance in an HLA-DR/DQ Genetically Susceptible Individual with Multiple Biotoxin Exposures.The American journal of case reports · 2016Article
- VIP protects human retinal microvascular endothelial cells against high glucose-induced increases in TNF-α and enhances RvD1.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2016Article
- Review of clinical and basic approaches of fungal keratitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2016Review
- Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the wound healing of alkali-burned corneas.International journal of ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Efficacy of VIP as Treatment for Bacteria-Induced Keratitis Against Multiple Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
- HGF signaling impacts severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Article
- Host defense at the ocular surface.International reviews of immunology · 2013Review
- Microbial keratitis: could contact lens material affect disease pathogenesis?Eye & contact lens · 2013Review
- HIF-1α is essential for effective PMN bacterial killing, antimicrobial peptide production and apoptosis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- The role of VIP in cornea.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an anti-inflammatory neuropeptide that downregulates proinflammatory cytokines and promotes healing in a susceptible model of P. aeruginosa keratitis. Growth factors also play a role in corneal healing and restoration of tissue homeostasis after wounding. However, whether VIP treatment modulates growth factors to promote healing in the infected cornea remains untested and is the purpose of this study.
methodsC57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected with VIP and mRNA and protein levels, and immunostaining for EGF, FGF, HGF, and VEGF-A were done. Exogenous treatment with a mixture of the growth factors also was tested and levels of cytokines, defensins, and bacterial counts were determined.
resultsReal-time RT-PCR, immunostaining, and ELISA data demonstrated that treatment with VIP enhanced levels of EGF, FGF, and HGF during disease, and that VEGF-A, and associated angiogenic molecules also were increased by VIP. Moreover, immunohistochemical studies confirmed that both epithelial and stromal cells participated in growth factor production. Most notably, treatment with a mixture of EGF, FGF, and HGF after disease onset, prevented corneal perforation when compared with controls. This outcome was associated with downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, and antimicrobials β-defensins 2 and 3, as well as decreased plate counts at 1 day postinfection (p.i.) (P = 0.0001).
conclusionsCollectively, the data provide evidence that VIP treatment modulates growth factors, angiogenic molecules, and defensins in the infected cornea and that this in turn promotes healing and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.