ArticleEukaryotic cell2011
Interface of Candida albicans biofilm matrix-associated drug resistance and cell wall integrity regulation.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amphotericin B Resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural-Compound Adjuvants Dismantle Candida Biofilms: Mechanisms, Design Rules, and Biofilm-Aware Pharmacology.Current microbiology · 2026Review
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- Biofilms and oral health: nanotechnology for biofilm control.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Yeast-derived glycolipids disrupt Candida biofilm and inhibit expression of genes in cell adhesion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of ClinicalInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Review
- A novel MAP kinase-interacting protein MoSmi1 regulates development and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- Photodynamic impact of curcumin enhanced silver functionalized graphene nanocomposites on Candida virulence.Discover nano · 2024Article
- Article
- Anti-Biofilm Activity of Assamsaponin A, Theasaponin E1, and Theasaponin E2 againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Two promisingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Extracellular Vesicles Containing Inorganic Polyphosphate ofJournal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
- Associations of Rap1 with Cell Wall Integrity, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Candida albicans.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Biased Genotype Distributions of Candida albicans Strains Associated with 649 Clinical Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in China.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- A common vesicle proteome drives fungal biofilm development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Inhibitory effect of ficin on Candida albicans biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Niclosamide-loaded nanoparticles disrupt Candida biofilms and protect mice from mucosal candidiasis.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- The role ofiScience · 2022Review
- Involvement of Smi1 in cell wall integrity and glucan synthase Bgs4 localization during fission yeast cytokinesis.Molecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans frequently infects medical devices by growing as a biofilm, i.e., a community of adherent organisms entrenched in an extracellular matrix. During biofilm growth, Candida spp. acquire the ability to resist high concentrations of antifungal drugs. One recently recognized biofilm resistance mechanism involves drug sequestration by matrix β-1,3 glucan. Using a candidate gene approach, we investigated potential C. albicans β-1,3-glucan regulators, based on their homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including SMI1 and protein kinase C (PKC) pathway components. We identified a role for the SMI1 in biofilm matrix glucan production and development of the associated drug resistance phenotype. This pathway appears to act through transcription factor Rlmp and glucan synthase Fks1p. The phenotypes of these mutant biofilms mimicked those of the smi1Δ/smi1Δ biofilm, and overexpression of FKS1 in the smi1Δ/smi1Δ mutant restored the biofilm resistant phenotype. However, control of this pathway is distinct from that of the upstream PKC pathway because the pkc1Δ/pkc1Δ, bck1Δ/bck1Δ, mkk2Δ/mkk2Δ, and mkc1Δ/mkc1Δ biofilms retained the resistant phenotype of the parent strain. In addition, resistance to cell-perturbing agents and gene expression data do not support a significant role for the cell wall integrity pathway during the biofilm formation. Here we show that Smi1p functions in conjunction with Rlm1p and Fks1p to produce drug-sequestering biofilm β-glucan. Our work provides new insight into how the C. albicans biofilm matrix production and drug resistance pathways intersect with the planktonic cell wall integrity pathway. This novel connection helps explain how pathogens in a multicellular biofilm community are protected from anti-infective therapy.
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