ArticleMolecular immunology2011
Leishmania mexicana promastigotes inhibit macrophage IL-12 production via TLR-4 dependent COX-2, iNOS and arginase-1 expression.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Manipulation of macrophage signaling byVirulence · 2025Review
- Topical Application of Oxylipin (3Journal of natural products · 2025Article
- Multifunctional NanoemulsifiedBiology · 2024Article
- Advances inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Is Modulated byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic haplotypes associated with immune response to Leishmania infantum infection in dogs.Veterinary research communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Unwinding the mechanism of macrophage repolarization potential ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Immune and Genomic Analysis of Boxer Dog Breed and Its Relationship withVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Visualizing theFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Giardia lamblia Decreases NF-κB p65Scientific reports · 2020Article
- 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone diterpene derived from Tetradenia riparia essential oil modulates IL-4/IL-12 release by macrophages that are infected with Leishmania amazonensis.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Review
- Oxidative stress and cellular pathways of asthma and inflammation: Therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Article
- Trypanosomatid Infections: How Do Parasites and Their Excreted-Secreted Factors Modulate the Inducible Metabolism of l-Arginine in Macrophages?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The effects of Leishmania mexicana metacyclic promastigotes upon MAP kinase signalling in mouse bone marrow macrophages and subsequent expression of the disease regulatory proteins iNOS and COX-2 were studied. At a ratio of 5:1, promastigotes caused a marked increase in phosphorylation of the three major MAP kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK. MAP kinase signalling was substantially reduced in TLR-4(-/-) but not TLR-2(-/-) deficient macrophages and completely abolished in double TLR-2/4(-/-) macrophages. A similar outcome was observed using cysteine peptidase B deficient amastigotes. Furthermore, whilst promastigotes had no independent effect on iNOS or COX-2 expression, they prolonged the induction of these proteins stimulated by LPS and enhanced PGE(2) and NO production. Induction of COX-2 and iNOS was also TLR-4 dependent. Blockade of either PGE(2) or NO production with indomethacin or l-NAME reversed promastigote inhibition of LPS induced IL-12 production. Promastigotes also increased macrophage arginase-1 expression and enhanced arginase activity, both of which were substantially reduced in TLR-4 but not TLR-2 deficient macrophages. Surprisingly, arginase inhibition by Nor-NOHA also caused a reversal of promastigote mediated inhibition of macrophage IL-12 production. These data demonstrate for the first time the role of TLR-4 in mediating the effects of L. mexicana promastigotes on MAP kinase activation, up-regulation of COX-2, iNOS as well as arginase-1 expression in macrophages and further shows that PGE(2), NO and arginase activity all contribute substantially to the inhibition of host cell IL-12 production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.