ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2011
Lung injury after cigarette smoking is particle related.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nano-Encapsulated Black Bean-CultivatedNutrients · 2026Article
- Unraveling the impact of indoor air pollution on respiratory health in people living with HIV within a high-prevalence HIV cohort.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking decreases macrophage-dependent clearance to impact the biological effects of occupational and environmental particle exposures.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Regulatory Components of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Their Complex Interplay in Carcinogenesis.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Review
- The Potential Role of Nutrition in Lung Cancer Establishment and Progression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Prenatal and Postnatal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Is Associated With Increased Risk of Exacerbated Allergic Airway Immune Responses: A Preclinical Mouse Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Impact of fossil fuel emissions and particulate matter on pulmonary health.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2019Article
- Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung.Free radical biology & medicine · 2019Review
- Iron Homeostasis in the Lungs-A Balance between Health and Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Inflammatory Markers in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.Rehabilitation research and practice · 2018Article
- Effect of Phospholipid Transfer Protein on Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Pulmonary Epithelial Cells.Inflammation · 2016Article
- Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction are present in healthy smokers.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2016Article
- Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke.Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2016Article
- Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of sidestream cigarette smoke particulate matter of different particle sizes.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- COPD: balancing oxidants and antioxidants.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2015Review
- Pleural plaques in smoking-associated fibrosis and pulmonary asbestosis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2015Article
- Pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer: respirable particulate matter, fibrous dusts and ozone as major causes of lung carcinogenesis through reactive oxygen species mechanisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The specific component responsible and the mechanistic pathway for increased human morbidity and mortality after cigarette smoking are yet to be delineated. We propose that 1) injury and disease following cigarette smoking are associated with exposure to and retention of particles produced during smoking and 2) the biological effects of particles associated with cigarette smoking share a single mechanism of injury with all particles. Smoking one cigarette exposes the human respiratory tract to between 15,000 and 40,000 μg particulate matter; this is a carbonaceous product of an incomplete combustion. There are numerous human exposures to other particles, and these vary widely in composition, absolute magnitude, and size of the particle. Individuals exposed to all these particles share a common clinical presentation with a loss of pulmonary function, increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness, pathologic changes of emphysema and fibrosis, and comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cancers. Mechanistically, all particle exposures produce an oxidative stress, which is associated with a series of reactions, including an activation of kinase cascades and transcription factors, release of inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis. If disease associated with cigarette smoking is recognized to be particle related, then certain aspects of the clinical presentation can be predicted; this would include worsening of pulmonary function and progression of pathological changes and comorbidity (eg, emphysema and carcinogenesis) after smoking cessation since the particle is retained in the lung and the exposure continues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.