ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2011
Maternal risk factors predicting child physical characteristics and dysmorphology in fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review on which maternal alcohol behaviours are related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Guideline
- Identifying maternal risk factors associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2014Pooled it
- Six-Month Follow-up of the Families on Track Intervention Pilot Trial for Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Their Families.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Trial
- Indicated Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in South Africa: Effectiveness of Case Management.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Trial
- Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a province in Italy.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Regional hippocampal thinning and gyrification abnormalities and associated cognition in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Longitudinal Growth, Nutritional Status, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Early Childhood in Leyte, the Philippines.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in rural communities in South Africa: A third regional sample of child characteristics and maternal risk factors.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Phosphatidylethanol Levels in Postpartum Women and Their Newborns in Uruguay and Brazil.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2020Review
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Midwestern City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Rocky Mountain Region City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Southeastern County of the United States: Child Characteristics and Maternal Risk Traits.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- Current Socioeconomic Status Correlates With Brain Volumes in Healthy Children and Adolescents but Not in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Anxious Behavior of Adult CD1 Mice Perinatally Exposed to Low Concentrations of Ethanol Correlates With Morphological Changes in Cingulate Cortex and Amygdala.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- Association Between Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Craniofacial Shape of Children at 12 Months of Age.JAMA pediatrics · 2017Article
- Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious research in South Africa revealed very high rates of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), of 46-89 per 1000 among young children. Maternal and child data from studies in this community summarize the multiple predictors of FAS and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS).
methodSequential regression was employed to examine influences on child physical characteristics and dysmorphology from four categories of maternal traits: physical, demographic, childbearing, and drinking. Then, a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to predict influences on child physical characteristics.
resultsIndividual sequential regressions revealed that maternal drinking measures were the most powerful predictors of a child's physical anomalies (R² = .30, p < .001), followed by maternal demographics (R² = .24, p < .001), maternal physical characteristics (R²=.15, p < .001), and childbearing variables (R² = .06, p < .001). The SEM utilized both individual variables and the four composite categories of maternal traits to predict a set of child physical characteristics, including a total dysmorphology score. As predicted, drinking behavior is a relatively strong predictor of child physical characteristics (β = 0.61, p < .001), even when all other maternal risk variables are included; higher levels of drinking predict child physical anomalies.
conclusionsOverall, the SEM model explains 62% of the variance in child physical anomalies. As expected, drinking variables explain the most variance. But this highly controlled estimation of multiple effects also reveals a significant contribution played by maternal demographics and, to a lesser degree, maternal physical and childbearing variables.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.