Trial reportThe Journal of clinical psychiatry2011
Exercise as an augmentation treatment for nonremitted major depressive disorder: a randomized, parallel dose comparison.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00076258 (Treatment With Exercise Augmentation for Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment With Exercise Augmentation for Depression (TREAD)
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of exercise intervention on depression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Residual insomnia in major depressive disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of antidepressant drug therapy with or without physical exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exercise for depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- The (cost-)effectiveness of exercise therapy adjunct to guideline-concordant care for depression: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Trial
- Prediction of Acute-Phase Treatment Outcomes by Adding a Single-Item Measure of Activity Impairment to Symptom Measurement: Development and Validation of an Interactive Calculator from the STAR*D and CO-MED Trials.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Prediction of treatment outcomes to exercise in patients with nonremitted major depressive disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2017Trial
- Immunological effects of behavioral activation with exercise in major depression: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Exercise is an effective treatment for positive valence symptoms in major depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2017Trial
- IMPROVEMENTS IN PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE FOLLOWING EXERCISE AUGMENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT RESPONSE BUT NONREMITTED MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: RESULTS FROM THE TREAD STUDY.Depression and anxiety · 2016Trial
- Atypical depressive symptoms as a predictor of treatment response to exercise in Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Trial
- Affect Following First Exercise Session as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Depression.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2016Trial
- A pilot study of women's affective responses to common and uncommon forms of aerobic exercise.Psychology & health · 2016Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2016Trial
- Exercise Augmentation of Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Rationale and Pilot Efficacy Data.Cognitive behaviour therapy · 2015Trial
- A preliminary, randomized trial of aerobic exercise for alcohol dependence.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2014Trial
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines as predictors of antidepressant effects of exercise in major depressive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Pioglitazone adjunctive therapy for moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- DEMO-II trial. Aerobic exercise versus stretching exercise in patients with major depression-a randomised clinical trial.PloS one · 2012Trial
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMost patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) require second-step treatments to achieve remission. The Treatment with Exercise Augmentation for Depression (TREAD) study was designed to test the efficacy of aerobic exercise as an augmentation treatment for MDD patients who had not remitted with antidepressant treatment.
methodEligible participants in this randomized controlled trial were sedentary individuals (men and women aged 18-70 years) diagnosed with DSM-IV nonpsychotic MDD who had not remitted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Participants were recruited through physician referrals and advertisements. A total of 126 participants were randomized to augmentation treatment with either 16 kcal per kg per week (KKW) or 4 KKW of exercise expenditure for 12 weeks while SSRI treatment was held constant. Supervised sessions were conducted at The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, with additional home-based sessions as needed to fulfill the weekly exercise prescription. The primary outcome was remission (as determined by a score ≤ 12 on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated). The study took place between August 2003 and August 2007.
resultsThere were significant improvements over time for both groups combined (F₁,₁₂₁ = 39.9, P < .0001), without differential group effect (group effect: F₁,₁₃₄ = 3.2, P = .07; group-by-time effect: F₁,₁₁₉ = 3.8, P = .06). Adjusted remission rates at week 12 were 28.3% versus 15.5% for the 16-KKW and 4-KKW groups, respectively, leading to a number needed to treat (NNT) of 7.8 for 16 KKW versus 4 KKW. Men, regardless of family history of mental illness, and women without a family history of mental illness had higher remission rates by week 12 with higher-dose (women, 39.0%; men, 85.4%) than with lower-dose exercise (women, 5.6%; men, 0.1%) (women: t₉₅ = 2.1, P = .04; men: t₈₈ = 5.4, P < .0001) (NNT: women, 3.0; men, 1.2).
conclusionsThere was a trend for higher remission rates in the higher-dose exercise group (P < .06), with a clinically meaningful NNT of 7.8 in favor of the high exercise dose. Significant differences between groups were found when the moderating effects of gender and family history of mental illness were taken into account and suggest that higher-dose exercise may be better for all men and for women without a family history of mental illness.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00076258.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.