Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21658083›Full record

ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2011

Population biology of Gram-positive pathogens: high-risk clones for dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Rob J L Willems, William P Hanage, Debra E Bessen, Edward J Feil

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed
13.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A genomic snapshot of hospital-adapted CC17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonising high-risk patients in Serbia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Cross-Sector Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Deciphering vancomycin resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Nasotracheal enterococcal carriage and resistomes: detection of optrA-, poxtA- and cfrD-carrying strains in migratory birds, livestock, pets, and in-contact humans in Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. ProbioticApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Antibiotic resistance: Time of synthesis in a post-genomic age.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Rob J L WillemsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. r.willems@umcutrecht.nl
William P Hanage
Debra E Bessen
Edward J Feil
Harvard University · USNew York Medical College · USUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of Bath · GB

Funding

Understanding and controlling antibiotic resistanceU54GM088558 · NIGMS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI NOBLES, FELISA · 2009 to 2018
$26.4M
EVOLUTION OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCIR01GM060793 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BESSEN, DEBRA E · 2000 to 2004
$1.1M
Molecular Evolution of Resistance in Strep. pyogenesR21AI061454 · NIAID · NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE · PI BESSEN, DEBRA E · 2004 to 2005
$429k
NIAID NIH HHS AI-061454NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI061454NIGMS NIH HHS GM088558-01NIGMS NIH HHS GM-60793NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM060793NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM088558Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infections caused by multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria represent a major health burden in the community as well as in hospitalized patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are well-known pathogens of hospitalized patients, frequently linked with resistance against multiple antibiotics, compromising effective therapy. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes are important pathogens in the community and S. aureus has recently emerged as an important community-acquired pathogen. Population genetic studies reveal that recombination prevails as a driving force of genetic diversity in E. faecium, E. faecalis, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, and thus, these species are weakly clonal. Although recombination has a relatively modest role driving the genetic variation of the core genome of S. aureus, the horizontal acquisition of resistance and virulence genes plays a key role in the emergence of new clinically relevant clones in this species. In this review, we discuss the population genetics of E. faecium, E. faecalis, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. aureus. Knowledge of the population structure of these pathogens is not only highly relevant for (molecular) epidemiological research but also for identifying the genetic variation that underlies changes in clinical behaviour, to improve our understanding of the pathogenic behaviour of particular clones and to identify novel targets for vaccines or immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Bacterial Typing TechniquesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsGenetic VariationGene Transfer, HorizontalGenotypeGram-Positive BacteriaGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsHumansRecombination, GeneticAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID21658083
PMCPMC3242168
OpenAlexW2104657177

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.