ArticlePloS one2011
Decreased heart rate variability in HIV positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: importance of blood glucose and cholesterol.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A meta-analysis of HIV and heart rate variability in the era of antiretroviral therapy.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2016Pooled it
- Wearable device monitoring of HIV health in the face of climate change and weather exposures: protocol for a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Reduced heart rate variability is associated with altered clinical laboratory profile in people living with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Direct and indirect cardiovascular and cardiometabolic sequelae of the combined anti-retroviral therapy on people living with HIV.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Interpreting resting heart rate variability in complex populations: the role of autonomic reflexes and comorbidities.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2022Article
- Association between exposure to Efavirenz and substrates of dysrhythmia in HIV-infected young adults.Clinical cardiology · 2021Article
- Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Sympathetic function and markers of inflammation in well-controlled HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Heart Rate Variability, HIV and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural South Africa.Global heart · 2020Article
- Vagal dysfunction and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: novel pathways to chronic inflammation in HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Autonomic Function is Associated with Fitness Level in HIV-Infected Individuals.Jacobs journal of AIDS/HIV · 2015Article
- Rates of autonomic dysfunction in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2013Article
- Heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2013Article
- Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.Neurology · 2013Article
- Autonomic dysfunction is common in HIV and associated with distal symmetric polyneuropathy.Journal of neurovirology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledThe presence of autonomic dysfunction in HIV patients is largely unknown. Early studies found autonomic dysfunction in patients with AIDS. Antiretroviral combination therapy (ART) has dramatically changed the course of the disease and improved prognosis and decreased morbidity.
aimTo evaluate whether autonomic dysfunction is present in an ART treated HIV population and if so to identify factors of importance.
methodsHIV patients receiving ART for at least 12 months (n = 97) and an age-matched control group of healthy volunteers (n = 52) were included. All were non-diabetic and had never received medication for hypertension. Following a 10 min resting period a 15 min ECG recording was performed. Heart-rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed in accordance with current guidelines and data reported as mean [interquartile range].
resultsMean normal-to-normal (NN) and total HRV measured as standard deviation of normal-to-normal (SDNN) was lower in HIV patients compared to controls (905 vs. 982 ms; p<0.001 and 48 vs. 54 ms; p = 0.028, respectively). No differences were found between the groups in parasympathetic activity measured as square root of the mean squared difference of successive NN-intervals (RMSSD) or the percent of differences between adjacent NN intervals greater than 50 ms (pNN50). In the HIV positives, haemoglobin A1c correlated inversely with SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50 (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-C correlated inversely with RMSSD and pNN50 (p<0.05). Neither HIV duration, HIV-RNA, CD4 cell count nor CD4 nadir correlated with time or phase domain HRV variables.
conclusionsModerate autonomic dysfunction is present in HIV positives patients even with suppressed viral load due to ART. The dysfunction is correlated with HbA1c and hypercholesterolemia but not to duration of HIV or whether the patients were receiving protease inhibitors as part of the ART regime.
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