ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2011
Modules in the brain stem and spinal cord underlying motor behaviors.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07531264 (Neuro-Intermuscular Coordination Enhancement), which is not on this map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neuro-Intermuscular Coordination Enhancement (NICE) Rehabilitation
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed.
- Robustness of muscle synergies underlying three-dimensional force generation at the hand in healthy humans.Journal of neurophysiology · 2012Trial
- Neuromotor modules revealed by direct electrical stimulation of the human primary motor cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A spinal substrate for modular control of natural behavior.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reproducible Research: Computational Design of Personalized Clinical Treatments for Walking Impairments Using the Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Pipeline.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Insights into motor control: predict muscle activity from upper limb kinematics with LSTM networks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Muscle synergy characteristics during hands-and-knees crawling in children aged 4-6 years.PloS one · 2026Article
- Generalizability of neuromuscular coordination in the human upper extremity after stroke and its implications in neurorehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Differential kinematic coding in sensorimotor striatum across behavioral domains reflects different contributions to movement.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Muscle synergies and metabolic adaptations during perturbed walking in older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Pipeline: MATLAB-based model personalization and treatment optimization functionality for OpenSim.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Muscle-to-action mapping for intuitive training of muscle synergies in post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Muscle synergy in several locomotor modes in chimpanzees and Japanese macaques, and its implications for the evolutionary origin of bipedalism through shared muscle synergies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nonnegative matrix factorization for analyzing state dependent neuronal network dynamics in calcium recordings.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Analyzing State Dependent Neuronal Network Dynamics in Calcium Recordings.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rectified Latent Variable Model-Based EMG Factorization of Inhibitory Muscle Synergy Components Related to Aging, Expertise and Force-Tempo Variations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal modulation of a common set of muscle synergies during unpredictable and predictable gait perturbations in older adults.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- Synergy quality assessment of muscle modules for determining learning performance using a realistic musculoskeletal model.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Generalizability of muscle synergies in isometric force generation versus point-to-point reaching in the human upper extremity workspace.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Generating Human Arm Kinematics Using Reinforcement Learning to Train Active Muscle Behavior in Automotive Research.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2022Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies using intact and spinalized animals have suggested that coordinated movements can be generated by appropriate combinations of muscle synergies controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). However, which CNS regions are responsible for expressing muscle synergies remains an open question. We address whether the brain stem and spinal cord are involved in expressing muscle synergies used for executing a range of natural movements. We analyzed the electromyographic (EMG) data recorded from frog leg muscles before and after transection at different levels of the neuraxis-rostral midbrain (brain stem preparations), rostral medulla (medullary preparations), and the spinal-medullary junction (spinal preparations). Brain stem frogs could jump, swim, kick, and step, while medullary frogs could perform only a partial repertoire of movements. In spinal frogs, cutaneous reflexes could be elicited. Systematic EMG analysis found two different synergy types: 1) synergies shared between pre- and posttransection states and 2) synergies specific to individual states. Almost all synergies found in natural movements persisted after transection at rostral midbrain or medulla but not at the spinal-medullary junction for swim and step. Some pretransection- and posttransection-specific synergies for a certain behavior appeared as shared synergies for other motor behaviors of the same animal. These results suggest that the medulla and spinal cord are sufficient for the expression of most muscle synergies in frog behaviors. Overall, this study provides further evidence supporting the idea that motor behaviors may be constructed by muscle synergies organized within the brain stem and spinal cord and activated by descending commands from supraspinal areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.