ArticleClinical pharmacokinetics2011
Structural models describing placebo treatment effects in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Article in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Analyzing the Placebo Response and Identifying Influential Factors in Oral Medication Trials for Acute-Phase Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Population model of longitudinal FEV1 data in asthmatics: meta-analysis and predictability of placebo response.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2014Pooled it
- Application of a mechanism-based disease systems model for osteoporosis to clinical data.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2013Trial
- A PCA approach to population analysis: with application to a Phase II depression trial.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2013Trial
- Bayesian model of Hamilton Depression Rating Score (HDRS) with memantine augmentation in bipolar depression.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Placebo and nocebo phenomena in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a narrative review on current knowledge and potential future directions.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Re-evaluating the placebo response in recent canine dietary epilepsy trials.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Pharmacometric modeling of drug adverse effects: an application of mixture models in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients treated with clozapine.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2023Article
- Pharmacodynamic model of slow reversible binding and its applications in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: review and tutorial.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2022Review
- Exposure-response relationships of dapagliflozin on cardiorenal risk markers and adverse events: A pooled analysis of 13 phase II/III trials.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Item Response Theory Modeling of the International Prostate Symptom Score in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.The AAPS journal · 2020Article
- An Innovative Disease-Drug-Trial Framework to Guide Binge Eating Disorder Drug Development: A Case Study for Topiramate.Clinical and translational science · 2020Article
- The Intricate Influence of the Placebo Effect on Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids.Medical cannabis and cannabinoids · 2018Article
- Network analysis of the genomic basis of the placebo effect.JCI insight · 2017Article
- Application of a Systems Pharmacology-Based Placebo Population Model to Analyze Long-Term Data of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2015Article
- Continuous-time Markov modelling of flexible-dose depression trials.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2014Article
- Handling missing data in a duloxetine population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model - imputation methods and selection models.Pharmaceutical research · 2014Article
- Modelling and simulation of placebo effect: application to drug development in schizophrenia.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2013Review
- Development of a placebo effect model combined with a dropout model for bipolar disorder.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2013Article
- Fundamentals of population pharmacokinetic modelling: validation methods.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large variation in placebo response within and among clinical trials can substantially affect conclusions about the efficacy of new medications in psychiatry. Developing a robust placebo model to describe the placebo response is important to facilitate quantification of drug effects, and eventually to guide the design of clinical trials for psychiatric treatment via a model-based simulation approach. In addition, high dropout rates are very common in the placebo arm of psychiatric clinical trials. While developing models to evaluate the effect of placebo response, the data from patients who drop out of the trial should be considered for accurate interpretation of the results. The objective of this paper is to review the various empirical and semi-mechanistic models that have been used to quantify the placebo response in schizophrenia trials. Pros and cons of each placebo model are discussed. Additionally, placebo models used in other neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are also reviewed with the objective of finding those placebo models that could be useful for clinical studies of both acute and chronic schizophrenic disease conditions. Better understanding of the patterns of dropout and the factors leading to dropouts are crucial in identifying the true placebo response. We therefore also review dropout models that are used in the development of models for treatment effects and in the optimization of clinical trials by simulation approaches. The use of an appropriate modelling strategy that is capable of identifying the potential sources of variable placebo responses and dropout rates is recommended for improving the sensitivity in discriminating between the effects of active treatment and placebo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21651312What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.