ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
Viral-bacterial co-infection in Australian Indigenous children with acute otitis media.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Randomised controlled trial of perinatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent early-onset acute respiratory infections among Australian First Nations children: the 'D-Kids' study protocol.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Predominant Bacterial and Viral Otopathogens Identified Within the Respiratory Tract and Middle Ear of Urban Australian Children Experiencing Otitis Media Are Diversely Distributed.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- BIGDATA: A Protocol to Create and Extend a 25-Year Clinical Trial and Observational Data Asset to Address Key Knowledge Gaps in Otitis Media and Hearing Loss in Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Study Protocol for Preventing Early-Onset Pneumonia in Young Children Through Maternal Immunisation: A Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Trial (PneuMatters).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Innate Immunity in the Middle Ear Mucosa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2.IUBMB life · 2020Review
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Type IV Pilus Mediates Augmented Adherence to Rhinovirus-Infected Human Airway Epithelial Cells.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Association of Laboratory Methods, Colonization Density, and Age With Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Nasopharynx.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Bacteria and viruses in the nasopharynx immediately prior to onset of acute lower respiratory infections in Indigenous Australian children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- Impact of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in pregnancy against infant acute lower respiratory infections in the Northern Territory of Australia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2018Article
- Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage and density ofPneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2018Article
- Correlation of higher antibody levels to pneumococcal proteins with protection from pneumococcal acute otitis media but not protection from nasopharyngeal colonization in young children.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2017Article
- Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2017Review
- Bronchiectasis in Children: Current Concepts in Immunology and Microbiology.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2017Review
- Dexamethasone modulation of MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression in a generalized model of middle ear inflammation.The Laryngoscope · 2016Article
- Importance of viruses in acute otitis media.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute otitis media with perforation (AOMwiP) affects 40% of remote Indigenous children during the first 18 months of life. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the primary bacterial pathogens of otitis media and their loads predict clinical ear state. Our hypothesis is that antecedent respiratory viral infection increases bacterial density and progression to perforation.
methodsA total of 366 nasopharyngeal swabs from 114 Indigenous children were retrospectively examined. A panel of 17 respiratory viruses was screened by PCR, and densities of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were estimated by quantitative real time PCR. Data are reported by clinical ear state.
resultsM. catarrhalis (96%), H. influenzae (91%), S. pneumoniae (89%) and respiratory viruses (59%) were common; including rhinovirus (HRV) (38%), polyomavirus (HPyV) (14%), adenovirus (HAdV) (13%), bocavirus (HBoV) (8%) and coronavirus (HCoV) (4%). Geometric mean bacterial loads were significantly higher in children with acute otitis media (AOM) compared to children without evidence of otitis media. Children infected with HAdV were 3 times more likely (p < 0.001) to have AOM with or without perforation.
conclusionThis study confirms a positive association between nasopharyngeal bacterial load and clinical ear state, exacerbated by respiratory viruses, in Indigenous children. HAdV was independently associated with acute ear states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.