ArticlePloS one2011
Rapid reactivation of extralymphoid CD4 T cells during secondary infection.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional Communication Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Airway-resident memory CD4 T cell activation accelerates antigen presentation and T cell priming in draining lymph nodes.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Review
- Comparative Evaluation of Recombinant and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in a Murine Model.Vaccines · 2024Article
- T helper 1 effector memory CD4Cell reports · 2023Article
- Local memory CD4 T cell niches in respiratory viral infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- Lung Tissue Resident Memory T-Cells in the Immune Response toFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Early programming and late-acting checkpoints governing the development of CD4 T-cell memory.Immunology · 2018Review
- IL-15 supports the generation of protective lung-resident memory CD4 T cells.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes.Journal of immunology research · 2018Review
- A Systematic Review: The Role of Resident Memory T Cells in Infectious Diseases and Their Relevance for Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Direct IL-6 Signals Maximize Protective Secondary CD4 T Cell Responses against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Virus-specific antibodies allow viral replication in the marginal zone, thereby promoting CD8(+) T-cell priming and viral control.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Lung-resident CD4⁺ T cells are sufficient for IL-4Rα-dependent recall immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection.Mucosal immunology · 2014Article
- Memory CD4 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza A virus: more than a little helpful.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2013Review
- Cross-serotype immunity induced by immunization with a conserved rhinovirus capsid protein.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Expanding roles for CD4⁺ T cells in immunity to viruses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After infection, extralymphoid tissues are enriched with effector and memory T cells of a highly activated phenotype. The capacity for rapid effector cytokine response from extralymphoid tissue-memory T cells suggests these cells may perform a 'sentinel' function in the tissue. While it has been demonstrated that extralymphoid CD4+ T cells can directly respond to secondary infection, little is known about how rapidly this response is initiated, and how early activation of T cells in the tissue may affect the innate response to infection. Here we use a mouse model of secondary heterosubtypic influenza infection to show that CD4(+) T cells in the lung airways are reactivated within 24 hours of secondary challenge. Airway CD4(+) T cells initiate an inflammatory cytokine and chemokine program that both alters the composition of the early innate response and contributes to the reduction of viral titers in the lung. These results show that, unlike a primary infection, extralymphoid tissue-memory CD4(+) T cells respond alongside the innate response during secondary infection, thereby shaping the overall immune profile in the airways. These data provide new insights into the role of extralymphoid CD4(+) T cells during secondary immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.