ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2011
Atomic force microscopy in imaging of viruses and virus-infected cells.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Lord of the Rings: Cysteine bonds crosslink the tail of siphovirus.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Viruses under mechanical force: Implications and applications.Virus research · 2026Review
- High-throughput in situ single particle X-ray imaging of dehydrating viral capsids.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Atomic force microscopy-based topographical imaging of SARS-CoV-2 as part of a tripartite strategy for RNA virus characterization.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of Matrix Protein 2 Ectodomain (M2e) Displayed on Nodavirus-like Particles as Avian Influenza Vaccine for Poultry.Vaccines · 2025Article
- From viral assembly to host interaction: AFM's contributions to virology.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Insights on the Mechanical Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Particles and the Effects of the Photosensitizer Hypericin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy.Viruses · 2024Review
- Simulating biological surface dynamics in high-speed atomic force microscopy experiments.Biophysical reviews · 2023Article
- Real-time detection of virus antibody interaction by label-free common-path interferometry.Biophysical reports · 2023Article
- Development of Single Molecule Techniques for Sensing and Manipulation of CRISPR and Polymerase Enzymes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Review
- Physical virology: how physics is enabling a better understanding of recent viral invaders.Biophysical reviews · 2023Review
- Purification of NaMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Analysis of individual HIV-1 budding event using fast AFM reveals a multiplexed role for VPS4.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Review
- Structural characterization of β-propiolactone inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles.Microscopy research and technique · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Nanoscale Wetting of Single Viruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can visualize almost everything pertinent to structural virology and at resolutions that approach those for electron microscopy (EM). Membranes have been identified, RNA and DNA have been visualized, and large protein assemblies have been resolved into component substructures. Capsids of icosahedral viruses and the icosahedral capsids of enveloped viruses have been seen at high resolution, in some cases sufficiently high to deduce the arrangement of proteins in the capsomeres as well as the triangulation number (T). Viruses have been recorded budding from infected cells and suffering the consequences of a variety of stresses. Mutant viruses have been examined and phenotypes described. Unusual structural features have appeared, and the unexpectedly great amount of structural nonconformity within populations of particles has been documented. Samples may be imaged in air or in fluids (including culture medium or buffer), in situ on cell surfaces, or after histological procedures. AFM is nonintrusive and nondestructive, and it can be applied to soft biological samples, particularly when the tapping mode is employed. In principle, only a single cell or virion need be imaged to learn of its structure, though normally images of as many as is practical are collected. While lateral resolution, limited by the width of the cantilever tip, is a few nanometers, height resolution is exceptional, at approximately 0.5 nm. AFM produces three-dimensional, topological images that accurately depict the surface features of the virus or cell under study. The images resemble common light photographic images and require little interpretation. The structures of viruses observed by AFM are consistent with models derived by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.