Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21646376›Full record

ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2011

Choosing a mouse model: experimental biology in context--the utility and limitations of mouse models of breast cancer.

Alexander D Borowsky

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Targeting CAF-specific metabolic pathways in breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Breast Morphogenesis: From Normal Development to Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  10. Mouse Models of Metastasis and Dormancy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Breast tumor-on-chip models: From disease modeling to personalized drug screening.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Cancer Explant Models.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alexander D BorowskyDepartment of Pathology and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. adborowsky@ucdavis.edu
University of California, Davis · US

Funding

UCD Mouse Biology Program: Pathology Resources Training and Cancer ModelingK26RR024037 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI BOROWSKY, ALEXANDER D · 2007 to 2011
$717k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA14582NCRR NIH HHS K26 RR024037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetically engineered mice are critical experimental models for the study of breast cancer biology. Transgenic mice, employing strong mammary epithelial promoters to drive oncogenes, develop carcinomas with phenotypes corresponding to the molecular pathway activated. Gene-targeted (knockout) mice, in which tumor suppressors are deleted, develop mammary neoplasms with phenotypes primarily including patterns seen in spontaneous mouse mammary tumors, albeit at higher rates. Improved genetic engineering, using inducible gene expression, somatic gene transduction, conditional alleles, and crossbreeding for combined/compound genetic engineering yields precise molecular models with exquisite experimental control and phenotypes with comparative pathologic validity. Mammary gland transplantation technology adds a practical and validated method for assessing biologic behavior of selected mammary tissues. Overall, the many mouse models available are a rich resource for experimental biology with phenocopies of breast cancer subtypes, and a variety of practical advantages. The challenge is matching the model to the experimental question.

Indexed as

Crosses, GeneticDisease Models, AnimalAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsFemaleGenetic EngineeringMiceMice, Transgenic

Identifiers

PMID21646376
PMCPMC3181037
OpenAlexW2129425427

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.