ReviewExpert review of clinical pharmacology2011
The pharmacokinetics of Toll-like receptor agonists and the impact on the immune system.
Review in Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of toll-like receptor agonists as therapeutic agents and vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases in animals: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Immunostimulant-integrated acrylate nanocomposite adjuvants potentiate foot-and-mouth disease vaccine efficacy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Precision engineering of macrophage reprogramming with RNA interference-loaded lipid nanoparticles: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Engineering nanoparticle surface chemistry for antigen-presenting cell targeting improves specificity and safety of TLR3 agonist cancer immunotherapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Endogenous living adjuvants for cancer vaccination: Concepts, mechanisms, and design principles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- First-in-human phase 1 study of RO7119929, an oral TLR7 agonist prodrug, in patients with advanced primary or metastatic liver cancers.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Development of nanoparticle-based Toll-like receptor agonists for respiratory immunotherapy.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Reprogramming tumor microenvironment via systemic delivery of TLR3 agonist and manganese nanoparticle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Linking TLR-7 Signaling to Downregulation of Placental P-Glycoprotein: Implications for Fetal Drug Exposure.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Phagosomal RNA sensing through TLR8 controls susceptibility to tuberculosis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A TLR7 Agonist Conjugated to a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel as a Potent Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Systemic administration of a viral nanoparticle neoadjuvant prevents lung metastasis development through emergency myelopoiesis.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- A Dual-Adjuvanted Parenteral-Intranasal Subunit Nanovaccine generates Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Clinical landscape of macrophage-reprogramming cancer immunotherapies.British journal of cancer · 2024Review
- Comparison of Post-Vaccination Cellular Immune Response in Patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Combining toll-like receptor agonists with immune checkpoint blockade affects antitumor vaccine efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Current challenges and therapeutic advances of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Regulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Cyclodextrin-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with R848 for Treating Colon Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems, and plays an important role in antiviral and anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, a significant amount of effort has been devoted to exploit the therapeutic potential of TLR agonists. Depending on the therapeutic purpose, either as adjuvants to vaccine, chemotherapy or standalone therapy, TLR agonists have been administered via different routes. Both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the route of administration has significant effects on pharmacokinetics, and that understanding these effects is critical to the success of TLR agonist drug development. This article will summarize the pharmacokinetics of TLR agonists with different administration routes, with an emphasis on clinical studies of TLR ligands in oncologic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.