ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2011
Identification of loci and functional characterization of trichothecene biosynthesis genes in filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- BioprospectingFrontiers in fungal biology · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Fungal-fungal interaction between Sanghuangporus vaninii and its endophytic Fusarium solani rewires host secondary metabolism to boost bioactive metabolite production.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Plant recognition by Trichoderma Harzianum elicits upregulation of a novel secondary metabolite cluster required for colonization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Noncanonical terpene cyclases for the biosynthesis of diterpenoids regulating chlamydospore formation in plant-associated Trichoderma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analysis of substrate specificity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in trichothecene toxin biosynthesis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- The identification of a key gene highlights macrocyclic ring's role in trichothecene toxicity.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- A Role in 15-Deacetylcalonectrin Acetylation in the Non-Enzymatic Cyclization of an Earlier Bicyclic Intermediate inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Trichoderma species from plant and soil: An excellent resource for biosynthesis of terpenoids with versatile bioactivities.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Spores ofInsects · 2022Article
- Identification of polyketide synthase genes required for aspinolide biosynthesis in Trichoderma arundinaceum.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Effects of trichothecene production byFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Review
- Complete Genome Sequences and Genome-Wide Characterization ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Sesquiterpenoids Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, Chemical and Biosynthesis (2015-2020).Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- T-2 Toxin-The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Verification ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Distribution, Function, and Evolution of a Gene Essential for Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma, Fusarium, and at least four other genera in the fungal order Hypocreales. Fusarium has a trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster that encodes transport and regulatory proteins as well as most enzymes required for the formation of the mycotoxins. However, little is known about trichothecene biosynthesis in the other genera. Here, we identify and characterize TRI gene orthologues (tri) in Trichoderma arundinaceum and Trichoderma brevicompactum. Our results indicate that both Trichoderma species have a tri cluster that consists of orthologues of seven genes present in the Fusarium TRI cluster. Organization of genes in the cluster is the same in the two Trichoderma species but differs from the organization in Fusarium. Sequence and functional analysis revealed that the gene (tri5) responsible for the first committed step in trichothecene biosynthesis is located outside the cluster in both Trichoderma species rather than inside the cluster as it is in Fusarium. Heterologous expression analysis revealed that two T. arundinaceum cluster genes (tri4 and tri11) differ in function from their Fusarium orthologues. The Tatri4-encoded enzyme catalyzes only three of the four oxygenation reactions catalyzed by the orthologous enzyme in Fusarium. The Tatri11-encoded enzyme catalyzes a completely different reaction (trichothecene C-4 hydroxylation) than the Fusarium orthologue (trichothecene C-15 hydroxylation). The results of this study indicate that although some characteristics of the tri/TRI cluster have been conserved during evolution of Trichoderma and Fusarium, the cluster has undergone marked changes, including gene loss and/or gain, gene rearrangement, and divergence of gene function.
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