ReviewBrain research2011
Breaking down the barrier: the effects of HIV-1 on the blood-brain barrier.
Review in Brain research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Pooled it
- Brain microbial populations in HIV/AIDS: α-proteobacteria predominate independent of host immune status.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Latent HIV Infection of BBB Pericytes Enhances Gap Junction-mediated Crosstalk with Endothelial Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Latent HIV Infection of BBB Pericytes Disrupts Gap Junction-Mediated Crosstalk with Endothelial Cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Role of extracellular vesicles derived from HIV-infected T cells and microglial cells in neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis using a blood-brain barrier and cerebral organoid co-culture model.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Review
- Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Roles of HIV-1 Tat: A Review of Recent Evidence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: current progress and future challenges.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- HIV-1 viral protein effect on cerebral microvasculature: An in vitro blood-brain barrier model.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress in HIV-Associated Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tuberculous Meningitis Across the Lifespan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and substance use disorders.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease.Virulence · 2024Review
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Modeling HIV-1 infection and NeuroHIV in hiPSCs-derived cerebral organoid cultures.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Exercise to Prevent Accelerated Vascular Aging in People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Variations in the sleep-related breathing disorder index on polysomnography between men with HIV and controls: a matched case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primarily infects CD4(+) T cells and cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, resulting in immunodeficiency in an infected patient. Along with this immune deficiency, HIV-1 has been linked to a number of neurological symptoms in the absence of opportunistic infections or other co-morbidities, suggesting that HIV-1 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enter the central nervous system (CNS), and cause neurocognitive impairment. HIV-1-infected monocyte-macrophages traverse the BBB and enter the CNS throughout the course of HIV-1 disease. Once in the brain, both free virus and virus-infected cells are able to infect neighboring resident microglia and astrocytes and possibly other cell types. HIV-1-infected cells in both the periphery and the CNS give rise to elevated levels of viral proteins, including gp120, Tat, and Nef, and of host inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. It has been shown that the viral proteins may act alone or in concert with host cytokines and chemokines, affecting the integrity of the BBB. The pathological end point of these interactions may facilitate a positive feedback loop resulting in increased penetration of HIV into the CNS. It is proposed in this review that the dysregulation of the BBB during and after neuroinvasion is a critical component of the neuropathogenic process and that dysregulation of this protective barrier is caused by a combination of viral and host factors including secreted viral proteins, components of the inflammatory process, the aging process, therapeutics, and drug or alcohol abuse.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.