Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21637259›Full record

ArticleNature2011

Cryptic genetic variation promotes rapid evolutionary adaptation in an RNA enzyme.

Eric J Hayden, Evandro Ferrada, Andreas Wagner

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed
18.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 235 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. The Phenotypic Landscape of a Circadian Clock.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  7. Evolvability in vertebrate segmentation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2025
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  8. Evolution takes multiple paths to evolvability when facing environmental change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Bioengineering hybrid artificial life.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Eric J HaydenInstitute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Evandro Ferrada
Andreas Wagner
Santa Fe Institute · USSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · CHUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cryptic variation is caused by the robustness of phenotypes to mutations. Cryptic variation has no effect on phenotypes in a given genetic or environmental background, but it can have effects after mutations or environmental change. Because evolutionary adaptation by natural selection requires phenotypic variation, phenotypically revealed cryptic genetic variation may facilitate evolutionary adaptation. This is possible if the cryptic variation happens to be pre-adapted, or "exapted", to a new environment, and is thus advantageous once revealed. However, this facilitating role for cryptic variation has not been proven, partly because most pertinent work focuses on complex phenotypes of whole organisms whose genetic basis is incompletely understood. Here we show that populations of RNA enzymes with accumulated cryptic variation adapt more rapidly to a new substrate than a population without cryptic variation. A detailed analysis of our evolving RNA populations in genotype space shows that cryptic variation allows a population to explore new genotypes that become adaptive only in a new environment. Our observations show that cryptic variation contains new genotypes pre-adapted to a changed environment. Our results highlight the positive role that robustness and epistasis can have in adaptive evolution.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetic VariationAdaptation, PhysiologicalAzoarcusMutagenesisPhenotypeRNA, CatalyticSelection, GeneticRNA, Catalytic

Identifiers

PMID21637259
OpenAlexW1986122165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.