Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21636798›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2011

Optimal glycemic control, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes and pre-eclampsia intervention trial.

Valerie A Holmes, Ian S Young, Christopher C Patterson, Donald W M Pearson, James D Walker, Michael J A Maresh, David R McCance, Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial Study Group

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07009106 (Improving Postpartum Care Knowledge and Visit Attendance in Expecting Persons With Diabetes Through an Educational Video Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07009106 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Improving Postpartum Care Knowledge and Visit Attendance in Expecting Persons With Diabetes Through an Educational Video Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorWomen and Infants Hospital of Rhode IslandRan2023 to 2024Enrolled86ConditionsPostpartum CareArmsEducational video on postpartum care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  3. Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 1 diabetes is predicted by elevated HbA1c and spikes of high glucose values in the third trimester.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2014
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Glycaemic Control in Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Preeclampsia Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Pregnancy and Diabetes Racial/Ethnicity Health Disparities in a Large Integrated Health System.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valerie A HolmesSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Ian S Young
Christopher C Patterson
Donald W M Pearson
James D Walker
Michael J A Maresh
David R McCance
Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial Study Group
University of Ulster · GB

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 067028/Z/02/ZWellcome Trust 083145/Z/07/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the relationship between glycemic control, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsPregnancy outcome (pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) was assessed prospectively in 749 women from the randomized controlled Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT). HbA(1c) (A1C) values were available up to 6 months before pregnancy (n = 542), at the first antenatal visit (median 9 weeks) (n = 721), at 26 weeks' gestation (n = 592), and at 34 weeks' gestation (n = 519) and were categorized as optimal (<6.1%: referent), good (6.1-6.9%), moderate (7.0-7.9%), and poor (≥8.0%) glycemic control, respectively.

resultsPre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension developed in 17 and 11% of pregnancies, respectively. Women who developed pre-eclampsia had significantly higher A1C values before and during pregnancy compared with women who did not develop pre-eclampsia (P < 0.05, respectively). In early pregnancy, A1C ≥ 8.0% was associated with a significantly increased risk of pre-eclampsia (odds ratio 3.68 [95% CI 1.17-11.6]) compared with optimal control. At 26 weeks' gestation, A1C values ≥ 6.1% (good: 2.09 [1.03-4.21]; moderate: 3.20 [1.47-7.00]; and poor: 3.81 [1.30-11.1]) and at 34 weeks' gestation A1C values ≥ 7.0% (moderate: 3.27 [1.31-8.20] and poor: 8.01 [2.04-31.5]) significantly increased the risk of pre-eclampsia compared with optimal control. The adjusted odds ratios for pre-eclampsia for each 1% decrement in A1C before pregnancy, at the first antenatal visit, at 26 weeks' gestation, and at 34 weeks' gestation were 0.88 (0.75-1.03), 0.75 (0.64-0.88), 0.57 (0.42-0.78), and 0.47 (0.31-0.70), respectively. Glycemic control was not significantly associated with gestational hypertension.

conclusionsWomen who developed pre-eclampsia had significantly higher A1C values before and during pregnancy. These data suggest that optimal glycemic control both early and throughout pregnancy may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleHumansHypertension, Pregnancy-InducedPre-EclampsiaPregnancyYoung AdultBlood Glucose

Identifiers

PMID21636798
PMCPMC3142058
OpenAlexW2134759695

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.