ArticlePlant physiology2011
Extracellular nucleotides and apyrases regulate stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Levels of extracellular ATP in growth zones of Arabidopsis primary roots are changed by altered expression of apyrase enzymes.Plant signaling & behavior · 2025Article
- Role of Apyrase in Mobilization of Phosphate from Extracellular Nucleotides and in Regulating Phosphate Uptake in Arabidopsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Extracellular ATP: an emerging multifaceted regulator of plant fitness.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Soybean Apyrase Gene Family and Functional Characterization of GmAPY1-4 Responses to Aluminum Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Small holes, big impact: Stomata in plant-pathogen-climate epic trifecta.Molecular plant · 2024Review
- The Raf-like MAPKKK INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Investigation of Apyrase (APY) Genes in Peanut (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- ATANN3 Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Auxin Distribution inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extracellular ATP targets Arabidopsis RIBONUCLEASE 1 to suppress mycotoxin stress-induced cell death.The New phytologist · 2022Article
- Constitutive expression of a pea apyrase, psNTP9, increases seed yield in field-grown soybean.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Plant immunity inducers: from discovery to agricultural application.Stress biology · 2022Review
- Article
- P2K1 Receptor, Heterotrimeric Gα Protein and CNGC2/4 Are Involved in Extracellular ATP-Promoted Ion Influx in the Pollen ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Interplay between hydrogen sulfide and other signaling molecules in the regulation of guard cell signaling and abiotic/biotic stress response.Plant communications · 2021Review
- Recent Advances Clarifying the Structure and Function of Plant Apyrases (Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolases).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Perception of Damaged Self in Plants.Plant physiology · 2020Review
- Review
- Review
- DORN1/P2K1 and purino-calcium signalling in plants: making waves with extracellular ATP.Annals of botany · 2020Article
- Light-Mediated Signaling and Metabolic Changes Coordinate Stomatal Opening and Closure.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the role of extracellular nucleotides and apyrase enzymes in regulating stomatal aperture. Prior data indicate that the expression of two apyrases in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), APY1 and APY2, is strongly correlated with cell growth and secretory activity. Both are expressed strongly in guard cell protoplasts, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Promoter activity assays for APY1 and APY2 show that expression of both apyrases correlates with conditions that favor stomatal opening. Correspondingly, immunoblot data indicate that APY expression in guard cell protoplasts rises quickly when these cells are moved from darkness into light. Both short-term inhibition of ectoapyrase activity by polyclonal antibodies and long-term suppression of APY1 and APY2 transcript levels significantly disrupt normal stomatal behavior in light. Stomatal aperture shows a biphasic response to applied adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATPγS) or adenosine 5'-[β-thio] diphosphate, with lower concentrations inducing stomatal opening and higher concentrations inducing closure. Equivalent concentrations of adenosine 5'-O-thiomonophosphate have no effect on aperture. Two mammalian purinoceptor inhibitors block ATPγS- and adenosine 5'-[β-thio] diphosphate-induced opening and closing and also partially block the ability of abscisic acid to induce stomatal closure and of light to induce stomatal opening. Treatment of epidermal peels with ATPγS induces increased levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and genetically suppressing the synthesis of these agents blocks the effects of nucleotides on stomatal aperture. A luciferase assay indicates that treatments that induce either the closing or opening of stomates also induce the release of ATP from guard cells. These data favor the novel conclusion that ectoapyrases and extracellular nucleotides play key roles in regulating stomatal functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.