ArticleImmunity2011
Germinal center B cell and T follicular helper cell development initiates in the interfollicular zone.
Article in Immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 273 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
273 citing papers in PubMed, 470 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Antiviral and inflammatory immune signatures in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Spatial and Single-Cell Multi-Omics Analyses of T-Cell Subsets and Interactions in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastasis.Experimental dermatology · 2026Review
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Plasma Cell Selection and Migration in the Establishment of Long-Lived Antibody Responses.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- A unified network systems approach uncovers a core program underlying T follicular helper cell differentiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Endogenous living adjuvants for cancer vaccination: Concepts, mechanisms, and design principles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- TIGITFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity within tertiary lymphoid structures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Functional Specialization and Collaboration of cDC2 Subsets in CD4+ T Cell Priming and Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Immunohistochemical investigation of canine lymph nodes collected during a rabies outbreak in South Africa.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Tissue-Resident T Cells That Promote Humoral Immunity: Emerging From the Shadow of T Follicular Helper Cells.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Extrafollicular and Other Non-Germinal Center B Cell Responses: An Evolutionary Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B virus surface antigen drives T cell immunity through non-canonical antigen presentation in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Autocrine/paracrine lysophosphatidylserine signaling suppresses B cell aggregation and tertiary lymphoid structure formation.iScience · 2025Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Molecular Biology and Functions of T Follicular Helper Cells in Cancer and Immunotherapy.Immune network · 2025Review
213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We identify the interfollicular (IF) zone as the site where germinal center B cell and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation initiates. For the first 2 days postimmunization, antigen-specific T and B cells remained confined within the IF zone, formed long-lived interactions, and upregulated the transcriptional repressor Bcl6. T cells also acquired the Tfh cell markers CXCR5, PD-1, and GL7. Responding B and T cells migrated to the follicle interior directly from the IF zone, T cell immigration preceding B cells by 1 day. Notably, in the absence of cognate B cells, Tfh cells still formed and migrated to the follicle. However, without such B cells, PD-1, ICOS, and GL7 were no longer expressed on follicular Bcl6(hi) T cells that nevertheless persisted in the follicle. Thus, Ag-specific B cells are required for the maintenance of the PD-1(hi)ICOS(hi)GL7(hi) Tfh cell phenotype within the follicle, but not for their initial differentiation in the IF zone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.