ArticlePloS one2011
Human endogenous retrovirus K106 (HERV-K106) was infectious after the emergence of anatomically modern humans.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Type I interferons increase expression of endogenous retrovirus K102 and envelope protein in myeloid cells from patients with autoimmune disease.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Mutation Rate Variation and Other Challenges in 2-LTR Dating of Primate Endogenous Retrovirus Integrations.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Review
- Intragenic L1 Insertion: One Possibility of Brain Disorder.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human reproduction is regulated by retrotransposons derived from ancient Hominidae-specific viral infections.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Autoantibodies Against Unmodified and Citrullinated Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope Protein in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Implications of Endogenous Retroelements in the Etiopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- How Retroviruses and Retrotransposons in Our Genome May Contribute to Autoimmunity in Rheumatological Conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HML-2) in Health and Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Border collies of the genome: domestication of an autonomous retrovirus-like transposon.Current genetics · 2019Review
- Gorillas have been infected with the HERV-K (HML-2) endogenous retrovirus much more recently than humans and chimpanzees.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of HERV-K (HML-2) Transcription during Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Transformation.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Related Endogenous Retrovirus-K Elements Harbor Distinct Protease Active Site Motifs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Anti-HERV-K (HML-2) capsid antibody responses in HIV elite controllers.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Insertionally polymorphic sites of human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2) with long target site duplications.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- Chicken (Mobile DNA · 2017Article
- Discovery of unfixed endogenous retrovirus insertions in diverse human populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HERV-K113 and HERV-K115 have been considered to be among the youngest HERVs because they are the only known full-length proviruses that are insertionally polymorphic and maintain the open reading frames of their coding genes. However, recent data suggest that HERV-K113 is at least 800,000 years old, and HERV-K115 even older. A systematic study of HERV-K HML2 members to identify HERVs that may have infected the human genome in the more recent evolutionary past is lacking. Therefore, we sought to determine how recently HERVs were exogenous and infectious by examining sequence variation in the long terminal repeat (LTR) regions of all full-length HERV-K loci. We used the traditional method of inter-LTR comparison to analyze all full length HERV-Ks and determined that two insertions, HERV-K106 and HERV-K116 have no differences between their 5' and 3' LTR sequences, suggesting that these insertions were endogenized in the recent evolutionary past. Among these insertions with no sequence differences between their LTR regions, HERV-K106 had the most intact viral sequence structure. Coalescent analysis of HERV-K106 3' LTR sequences representing 51 ethnically diverse individuals suggests that HERV-K106 integrated into the human germ line approximately 150,000 years ago, after the emergence of anatomically modern humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.