SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2011
The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does maternal HSV-2 coinfection increase mother-to-child transmission of HIV? A systematic review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis C virus infection and HIV viral load: new insights into epidemiologic synergy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- High-dose valacyclovir decreases plasma HIV-1 RNA more than standard-dose acyclovir in persons coinfected with HIV-1 and HSV-2: a randomized crossover trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Short communication: T cell activation in HIV-1/herpes simplex virus-2-coinfected Kenyan women receiving valacyclovir.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Trial
- The effect of anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on HIV plasma viral load: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Uganda.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Trial
- Impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 on HIV-1 acquisition and progression in an HIV vaccine trial (the Step study).Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2011Trial
- Prevalence and factors associated with HIV viral rebound in individuals on ART: A systematic review study.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- Determinants of nonsuppression of HIV viral load among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Simiyu region: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a community-based intervention (Konga model) to address the factors contributing to viral load suppression among children living with HIV in Tanzania: a cluster-randomized clinical trial protocol.Biology methods & protocols · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence of Human Herpesvirus Infections in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Key Populations in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.International journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Population prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Implications for HIV epidemic control.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Article
- Schistosomiasis was not associated with higher HIV-1 plasma or genital set point viral loads among HIV seroconverters from four cohort studies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2019Review
- Factors associated with hospitalization and death among TB/HIV co-infected persons in Porto Alegre, Brazil.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and immune activation among HIV-infected but virally suppressed youth on antiretroviral therapy.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2018Article
- Couple serostatus patterns in sub-Saharan Africa illuminate the relative roles of transmission rates and sexual network characteristics in HIV epidemiology.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and subsequent HIV viral load among women with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Reevaluating Cumulative HIV-1 Viral Load as a Prognostic Predictor: Predicting Opportunistic Infection Incidence and Mortality in a Ugandan Cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesRecurrent or persistent coinfections may increase HIV viral load and, consequently, risk of HIV transmission, thus increasing HIV incidence. We evaluated the association between malaria, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfections and their treatment on HIV viral load.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis of the association of malaria, HSV-2 and TB coinfections and their treatment with HIV viral load.
methodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched to 10 February 2010 for studies in adults that reported HIV plasma and/or genital viral load by coinfection status or treatment. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.
resultsForty-five eligible articles were identified (six malaria, 20 HSV-2 and 19 TB). There was strong evidence of increased HIV viral load with acute malaria [0.67 log(10) copies/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-1.19] and decreased viral load following treatment (-0.37 log(10) copies/ml, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.04). Similarly, HSV-2 infection was associated with increased HIV viral load (0.18 log(10) copies/ml, 95% CI 0.01-0.34), which decreased with HSV suppressive therapy (-0.28 log(10) copies/ml, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.19). Active TB was associated with increased HIV viral load (0.40 log(10) copies/ml, 95% CI 0.13-0.67), but there was no association between TB treatment and viral load reduction (log(10) copies/ml -0.02, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.15).
conclusionCoinfections may increase HIV viral load in populations where they are prevalent, thereby facilitating HIV transmission. These effects may be reversed with treatment. However, to limit HIV trajectory and optimize positive prevention for HIV-infected individuals pre-antiretroviral therapy, we must better understand the mechanisms responsible for augmented viral load and the magnitude of viral load reduction required, and retune treatment regimens accordingly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.