Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21633172›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2011

Attenuation of HIV-associated human B cell exhaustion by siRNA downregulation of inhibitory receptors.

Lela Kardava, Susan Moir, Wei Wang, Jason Ho, Clarisa M Buckner, Jacqueline G Posada, Marie A O'Shea, Gregg Roby, Jenny Chen, Hae Won Sohn and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Human CD21Journal of human immunity · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Dysfunctional CD11cScience translational medicine · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. CD11cNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024
    Observational
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lela KardavaLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1576, USA.
Susan Moir
Wei Wang
Jason Ho
Clarisa M Buckner
Jacqueline G Posada
Marie A O'Shea
Gregg Roby
Jenny Chen
Hae Won Sohn
Tae-Wook Chun
Susan K Pierce
Anthony S Fauci
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Role of Viral Reservoirs in the Pathogenesis of HIV DiseaseZIAAI000851 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI CHUN, TAE-WOOK · 2009 to 2025
$29.3M
Role of B Lymphocytes In HIV Infection And PathogenesisZIAAI000825 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MOIR, SUSAN · 2009 to 2025
$24.5M
The Mechanism of Co-Receptor Regulation of B-cell ActivationZIAAI000975 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI PIERCE, SUSAN · 2009 to 2018
$4.5M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteIntramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals leads to accumulation of exhausted tissue-like memory B cells. Exhausted lymphocytes display increased expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, which may contribute to the inefficiency of HIV-specific antibody responses. Here, we show that downregulation of B cell inhibitory receptors in primary human B cells led to increased tissue-like memory B cell proliferation and responsiveness against HIV. In human B cells, siRNA knockdown of 9 known and putative B cell inhibitory receptors led to enhanced B cell receptor-mediated (BCR-mediated) proliferation of tissue-like memory but not other B cell subpopulations. The strongest effects were observed with the putative inhibitory receptors Fc receptor-like-4 (FCRL4) and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 (Siglec-6). Inhibitory receptor downregulation also led to increased levels of HIV-specific antibody-secreting cells and B cell-associated chemokines and cytokines. The absence of known ligands for FCRL4 and Siglec-6 suggests these receptors may regulate BCR signaling through their own constitutive or tonic signaling. Furthermore, the extent of FCLR4 knockdown effects on BCR-mediated proliferation varied depending on the costimulatory ligand, suggesting that inhibitory receptors may engage specific pathways in inhibiting B cell proliferation. These findings on HIV-associated B cell exhaustion define potential targets for reversing the deleterious effect of inhibitory receptors on immune responses against persistent viral infections.

Indexed as

Antigens, CDB-LymphocytesCell ProliferationChemokinesCytokinesHIVHIV InfectionsHumansReceptors, Antigen, B-CellRNA, Small InterferingAntigens, CDChemokinesCytokinesReceptors, Antigen, B-CellRNA, Small Interfering

Identifiers

PMID21633172
PMCPMC3127436
OpenAlexW2066090902

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.