ArticleHeadache2011
Direct costs of preventive headache treatments: comparison of behavioral and pharmacologic approaches.
Article in Headache, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological interventions for migraine: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2016Pooled it
- Electronic behavioral interventions for headache: a systematic review.The journal of headache and pain · 2016Pooled it
- Smartphone-Delivered Progressive Muscle Relaxation for the Treatment of Migraine in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Headache · 2020Trial
- Heartrate variability biofeedback for migraine using a smartphone application and sensor: A randomized controlled trial.General hospital psychiatryTrial
- Underuse of Behavioral Treatments for Headache: a Narrative Review Examining Societal and Cultural Factors.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Review
- Behavioral Therapy Preferences in People With Migraine.Headache · 2020Article
- Adherence to Behavioral Therapy for Migraine: Knowledge to Date, Mechanisms for Assessing Adherence, and Methods for Improving Adherence.Current pain and headache reports · 2019Review
- Smartphone-based migraine behavioral therapy: a single-arm study with assessment of mental health predictors.NPJ digital medicine · 2019Article
- Impact of early headache neuroimaging on time to malignant brain tumor diagnosis: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Factors Related to Migraine Patients' Decisions to Initiate Behavioral Migraine Treatment Following a Headache Specialist's Recommendation: A Prospective Observational Study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2018Observational
- A Critical Exploration of Migraine as a Health Disparity: the Imperative of an Equity-Oriented, Intersectional Approach.Current pain and headache reports · 2018Review
- Behavioral treatments for migraine management: useful at each step of migraine care.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2015Review
- Treatment of PTSD and Chronic Daily Headache.Current treatment options in neurology · 2014Article
- Introduction of a smartphone based behavioral intervention for migraine in the emergency department.General hospital psychiatryArticle
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study provides preliminary data and a framework to facilitate cost comparisons for pharmacologic vs behavioral approaches to headache prophylactic treatment.
backgroundThere are few empirical demonstrations of cumulative costs for pharmacologic and behavioral headache treatments, and there are no direct comparisons of short- and long-range (5-year) costs for pharmacologic vs behavioral headache treatments.
methodsTwo separate pilot surveys were distributed to a convenience sample of behavioral specialists and physicians identified from the membership of the American Headache Society. Costs of prototypical regimens for preventive pharmacologic treatment (PPT), clinic-based behavioral treatment (CBBT), minimal contact behavioral treatment (MCBT), and group behavioral treatment were assessed. Each survey addressed total cost accumulated during treatment (ie, intake, professional fees) excluding costs of acute medications. The total costs of preventive headache therapy by type of treatment were then evaluated and compared over time.
resultsDuring the initial months of treatment, PPT with inexpensive mediations (<0.75 $/day) represents the least costly regimen and is comparable to MCBT in expense until 6 months. After 6 months, PPT is expected to become more costly, particularly when medication cost exceeds 0.75$ a day. When using an expensive medication (>3 $/day), preventive drug treatment becomes more expensive than CBBT after the first year. Long-term, and within year 1, MCBT was found to be the least costly approach to migraine prevention.
conclusionsThrough year 1 of treatment, inexpensive prophylactic medications (such as generically available beta-blocker or tricyclic antidepressant medications) and behavioral interventions utilizing limited delivery formats (MCBT) are the least costly of the empirically validated interventions. This analysis suggests that, relative to pharmacologic options, limited format behavioral interventions are cost-competitive in the early phases of treatment and become more cost-efficient as the years of treatment accrue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.