ArticleHeadache2011
Sex matters: evaluating sex and gender in migraine and headache research.
Article in Headache, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determining the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of menstrual migraine: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Giving Researchers a Headache - Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Shift work and migraine: A systematic review.Journal of occupational health · 2020Pooled it
- Evidence for hyperprolactinemia in migraineurs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Pooled it
- HIT-6 and EQ-5D-5L in patients with migraine: assessment of common latent constructs and development of a mapping algorithm.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022Trial
- Oxidative Stress in Migraine-Effect or Cause?Genes · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic and sex-related hormones in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Medication overuse headache from a tertiary headache center in Egypt: real-world insights.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-related glymphatic differences and hemispheric asymmetry in healthy adults at 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging.Psychoradiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in patients' referral to a headache unit.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Diversity and Representation Among United States Participants in Amgen Clinical Trials.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Exploring infodemiology: unraveling the intricate relationships among stress, headaches, migraines, and suicide through Google Trends analysis.Frontiers in big data · 2024Article
- Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and migraine in American young women: insights from NHANES 1999-2004 cross-sectional data.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Association between risk factors and migraine in Pakistani females.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Hyperemesis gravidarum: Associations with personal and family history of nausea.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Alterations in regional homogeneity and multiple frequency amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation in patients with new daily persistent headache: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Article
- Determining the Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for the Preventive Treatment of Menstrual Migraine: A Protocol for a PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- Article
- Wildfire smoke exposure and emergency department visits for headache: A case-crossover analysis in California, 2006-2020.Headache · 2023Article
- Yoga as an Adjuvant therapy in management of migraine- An open label randomised trial.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Significant sex differences exist in migraine and other headache disorders. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences, including fluctuations in sex hormones and receptor binding, genetic factors, differences in exposure to environmental stressors, as well as differences in response to stress and pain perception; but how valid are some of these findings and can we improve the quality of research in this field? It is notable that the preponderance of animal pain studies use male subjects to study a predominantly female disorder. Furthermore, with respect to headache and migraine sex differences, limited data have been derived from animal models. Additionally, although sex differences (based on the categorization of male vs female) may be more routinely evaluated in clinical headache research than in the basic science research, greater attention to potential differences across the life cycle of women (ie, premenopausal vs postmenopausal differences) and menstrual cycle is warranted. In this manuscript we define the differences between "sex" and "gender" and highlight the importance of their application and use in headache research. The enhanced recognition and implementation of attention to sex differences throughout the hormonal and life-cycle phase in both human and animal research will only help to strengthen and further our understanding of migraine and may help guide the direction of future headache research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.