ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2011
Does reconsolidation occur in humans?
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing reconsolidation to weaken fear and appetitive memories: A meta-analysis of post-retrieval extinction effects.Psychological bulletin · 2016Pooled it
- Propranolol's effects on the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term emotional memory in healthy participants: a meta-analysis.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2013Pooled it
- Effect of inhibition of reactivated alcohol-associated memories with propranolol on alcohol craving.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Effects of cannabidiol on symptoms induced by the recall of traumatic events in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Post-retrieval oxytocin facilitates next day extinction of threat memory in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Intrusions in episodic memory: reconsolidation or interference?Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- How Administration of the Beta-Blocker Propranolol Before Extinction can Prevent the Return of Fear.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of post-retrieval propranolol on reconsolidation of memory for craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent humans.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Management Through Reconsolidation Therapy on Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Conflicting Information.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Reporting, Forgetting, or Reimagining: A Developmental Theory of Traumatic and Adverse Childhood Memories.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Review
- Evidence for indirect strengthening through reactivation of contextually bound memories.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation of Fear and Anxiety Circuits.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Remediation of intrusive symptoms of PTSD in fewer than five sessions: a 30-person pre-pilot study of the RTM Protocol.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2024Article
- Hitting the Rewind Button: Imagining Analogue Trauma Memories in Reverse Reduces Distressing Intrusions.Cognitive therapy and research · 2024Article
- Reconsolidation of traumatic memories protocol compared to trauma-focussed cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in UK military veterans: a randomised controlled feasibility trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Reactivating hippocampal-mediated memories during reconsolidation to disrupt fear.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Testing the memory reconsolidation hypothesis in a fear extinction paradigm: The effects of ecological and arbitrary stimuli.Learning & behavior · 2022Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence for reconsolidation in non-human animals has accumulated rapidly in the last decade, providing compelling` demonstration for this phenomenon across species and memory paradigms. In vast contrast, scant evidence exists for human reconsolidation to date. A major reason for this discrepancy is the invasive nature of current techniques used to investigate reconsolidation, which are difficult to apply in humans. Pharmacological blockade of reconsolidation, for example, has been typically used in animals as a proof of concept. However, most compounds used in these studies are toxic for humans, and those compounds that are safe target related, but not direct mechanisms of reconsolidation. Thus, although human reconsolidation has been hypothesized, there is limited evidence it actually exists. The best evidence for human reconsolidation emerges from non-invasive techniques that "update" memory during reconsolidation rather than block it, a technique only rarely used in animal research. Here we discuss the current state of human reconsolidation and the challenges ahead. We review findings on reconsolidation of emotional associative, episodic, and procedural memories, using invasive and non-invasive techniques. We discuss the possible interpretation of these results, attempt to reconcile some inconsistencies, and suggest a conceptual framework for future research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.