ArticlePloS one2011
Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier during tick-borne encephalitis in mice is not dependent on CD8+ T-cells.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishment of an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model for antiviral screening against neurotropic viruses.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Tissue tropism and mRNA expression profiles of selected innate immunity-related genes following experimental tick-borne encephalitis virus and louping ill virus infection of sheep.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The Forgotten Gate: Choroid Plexus and Blood-CSF Barrier in Arboviral Encephalitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characterization of virus neuroinvasion, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation following Powassan virus infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Powassan virus.Virulence · 2025Review
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the central nervous system: A potential therapeutic target to combat age-related vascular fragility.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Development of blood-brain barrier-penetrating antibodies for neutralizing tick-borne encephalitis virus in the brain.mSphere · 2025Article
- Identification and Characterization of a Translational Mouse Model for Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- TBEV NS1 Induces Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cell Permeability by Activating the TNF-α Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Peptides developed against receptor binding sites of the E glycoprotein neutralize tick-borne encephalitis virus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Harnessing the Potential of Exosomes in Therapeutic Interventions for Brain Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Tick-BorneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Factors Associated with the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Tick-Borne Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mosquito- and tick-borne orthoflaviviruses cross anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Flaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Development of Epilepsy Following CNS Viral Infections: Mechanisms.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Age-dependent Powassan virus lethality is linked to glial cell activation and divergent neuroinflammatory cytokine responses in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- CNS Viral Infections-What to Consider for Improving Drug Treatment: A Plea for Using Mathematical Modeling Approaches.CNS drugs · 2024Review
- Severe Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia; Treatment with TBE Virus IgG Positive Plasma, Clinical Outcome and T Cell Responses.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus causes severe encephalitis with serious sequelae in humans. The disease is characterized by fever and debilitating encephalitis that can progress to chronic illness or fatal infection. In this study, changes in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in two susceptible animal models (BALB/c, and C57Bl/6 mice) infected with TBE virus were investigated at various days after infection by measuring fluorescence in brain homogenates after intraperitoneal injection of sodium fluorescein, a compound that is normally excluded from the central nervous system. We demonstrate here that TBE virus infection, in addition to causing fatal encephalitis in mice, induces considerable breakdown of the BBB. The permeability of the BBB increased at later stages of TBE infection when high virus load was present in the brain (i.e., BBB breakdown was not necessary for TBE virus entry into the brain), and at the onset of the first severe clinical symptoms of the disease, which included neurological signs associated with sharp declines in body weight and temperature. The increased BBB permeability was in association with dramatic upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression in the brain. Breakdown of the BBB was also observed in mice deficient in CD8(+) T-cells, indicating that these cells are not necessary for the increase in BBB permeability that occurs during TBE. These novel findings are highly relevant to the development of future therapies designed to control this important human infectious disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.