ArticlePloS one2011
Spliced leader RNAs, mitochondrial gene frameshifts and multi-protein phylogeny expand support for the genus Perkinsus as a unique group of alveolates.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Origins and Molecular Features of a Chimeric Type-P4A ATPase-Guanylate Cyclase from Stramenopiles and Alveolates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Baseline Assessment of WOAH-Listed Protozoan Parasites in Wild Mediterranean MusselsAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Identification of glycine betaine as a host-derived molecule required for the vegetative proliferation of the protozoan parasiteParasitology · 2023Article
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase isoform distribution provides insight into apicomplexan evolution.Frontiers in ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial Genomes in Perkinsus Decode Conserved Frameshifts in All Genes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- A diversified and segregated mRNA spliced-leader system in the parasitic Perkinsozoa.Open biology · 2022Article
- Is the Dinoflagellate Amoebophrya Really Missing an mtDNA?Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Rapid protein evolution, organellar reductions, and invasive intronic elements in the marine aerobic parasite dinoflagellate Amoebophrya spp.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Viral proteins as a potential driver of histone depletion in dinoflagellates.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Translation and Translational Control in Dinoflagellates.Microorganisms · 2018Review
- Article
- On the Possibility of an Early Evolutionary Origin for the Spliced Leader Trans-Splicing.Journal of molecular evolution · 2017Review
- Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: From genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
- Heat Shock Protein 70 and 90 Genes in the Harmful Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides: Genomic Structures and Transcriptional Responses to Environmental Stresses.International journal of genomics · 2015Article
- A Comparative Overview of the Flagellar Apparatus of Dinoflagellate, Perkinsids and Colpodellids.Microorganisms · 2014Review
- Differential transcription of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum by copper and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2012Article
- 5S rRNA gene arrangements in protists: a case of nonadaptive evolution.Journal of molecular evolution · 2012Review
- Diversity of Eukaryotic Translational Initiation Factor eIF4E in Protists.Comparative and functional genomics · 2012Article
- The mitochondrial genome and transcriptome of the basal dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp.: character evolution within the highly derived mitochondrial genomes of dinoflagellates.Genome biology and evolution · 2012Article
- Red and problematic green phylogenetic signals among thousands of nuclear genes from the photosynthetic and apicomplexa-related Chromera velia.Genome biology and evolution · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The genus Perkinsus occupies a precarious phylogenetic position. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between perkinsids, dinoflagellates and other alveolates, we analyzed the nuclear-encoded spliced-leader (SL) RNA and mitochondrial genes, intron prevalence, and multi-protein phylogenies. In contrast to the canonical 22-nt SL found in dinoflagellates (DinoSL), P. marinus has a shorter (21-nt) and a longer (22-nt) SL with slightly different sequences than DinoSL. The major SL RNA transcripts range in size between 80-83 nt in P. marinus, and ∼ 83 nt in P. chesapeaki, significantly larger than the typical ≤ 56-nt dinoflagellate SL RNA. In most of the phylogenetic trees based on 41 predicted protein sequences, P. marinus branched at the base of the dinoflagellate clade that included the ancient taxa Oxyrrhis and Amoebophrya, sister to the clade of apicomplexans, and in some cases clustered with apicomplexans as a sister to the dinoflagellate clade. Of 104 Perkinsus spp. genes examined 69.2% had introns, a higher intron prevalence than in dinoflagellates. Examination of Perkinsus spp. mitochondrial cytochrome B and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I genes and their cDNAs revealed no mRNA editing, but these transcripts can only be translated when frameshifts are introduced at every AGG and CCC codon as if AGGY codes for glycine and CCCCU for proline. These results, along with the presence of the numerous uncharacterized 'marine alveolate group I' and Perkinsus-like lineages separating perkinsids from core dinoflagellates, expand support for the affiliation of the genus Perkinsus with an independent lineage (Perkinsozoa) positioned between the phyla of Apicomplexa and Dinoflagellata.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.