ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2012
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy Saudi Arabian men: relationship to bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, and lifestyle factors.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in China: relationship with the levels of parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Bone Health in Ajman: A Cross-Sectional Study of Bone Mineral Density Among Adults.Journal of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Sun Exposure and Behaviours in Saudi Arabia: A National Study of over Eleven Thousand Participants Utilising the Arabic Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Major risk factors underlying the development of metabolic syndrome in vitamin D-deficient rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Hypovitaminosis D among Adult Patients Visiting for General Health Check-up in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Association Between Adequate Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Young Adults.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
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- Association of vitamin D levels with anthropometric and adiposity indicators across all age groups: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
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- Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Concentrations of total, bioavailable, and free 25OHD in individuals with and without primary hyperparathyroidism and their correlations to DXA and trabecular bone score.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Level and Z-Score Changes of Bone Density in College-Age Saudi Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- A Single Oral Vitamin DInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Investigation of the Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Children with Celiac Disease.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2022Article
- Effects of vitamin D deficiency on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: An animal study.The Saudi dental journal · 2022Article
- Visual analysis of the research trend and status on the association between vitamin D and immunity: From 2012 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Bibliometric analysis of the global research status and trends of the association between Vitamin D and infections from 2001 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Trends in Vitamin D Status Around the World.JBMR plus · 2021Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
summaryIn this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L] was 87.8% among Saudi Arabian men. There was a linear inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, but without a threshold of 25(OH)D at which intact PTH values plateaued.
introductionVitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency has now reached epidemic proportions and has been linked to low bone mineral density (BMD), some lifestyle factors, and obesity in adults. This relationship is not well documented in Saudi Arabian men. This study examines the relationship between vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH), and lifestyle factors among Saudi Arabian men.
methodsThis cross-sectional study involved 834 men aged 20-74 years living in Jeddah area who were randomly selected and medically examined. Men had their BMD (lumbar spine (L1-L4) and neck femur), 25(OH)D, intact PTH, and other parameters measured according to detailed inclusion criteria.
resultsDeficiency (25(OH)D<50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (≥50-75 nmol/L) were present in 87.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Deficiency was common among older and obese men with no education and sedentary lifestyle sampled during summer and spring. Serum 25(OH)D showed an inverse linear relationship with intact PTH, but there was no threshold of serum 25(OH)D at which PTH levels plateaued. There was a positive correlation between BMD values at both lumbar spine (L1-L4) (P < 0.023) and neck femur (P < 0.036) and serum 25(OH)D levels, respectively.
conclusionsFunctionally significant vitamin D deficiency affects BMD and bone turnover markers among Saudi Arabian men and is largely attributed to older age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, no education, poor exposure to sunlight, smoking, and poor dietary vitamin D supplementation. The data suggest that an increase in PTH cannot be used as a marker for vitamin D deficiency.
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