ArticleNeurotoxicology2011
β-Hexachlorocyclohexane levels in serum and risk of Parkinson's disease.
Article in Neurotoxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiota at the interface of environmental toxicants and the brain.Cell metabolism · 2026Review
- Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor Based on 3-Aminophenylboronic Acid-Modified CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Specific Detection of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between endocrine disruptors and neurodegenerative diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis.iScience · 2025Article
- A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Prenatal β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) Exposure and 7-Year Child IQ in the CHAMACOS Birth Cohort.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Microbiota and Other Preventive Strategies and Non-genetic Risk Factors in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2019Article
- Factors associated with dream enacting behaviors among US farmers.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2018Article
- Neurochemical and Behavioral Dysfunctions in Pesticide Exposed Farm Workers: A Clinical Outcome.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2018Review
- Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase controls behavior, neurodegeneration and lifespan by regulating neuronal autophagy.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Mechanisms of Gene-Environment Interactions in Parkinson's Disease.Current environmental health reports · 2017Review
- Environmental Exposures and Parkinson's Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Review
- Review
- Association of Parkinson's Disease and Its Subtypes with Agricultural Pesticide Exposures in Men: A Case-Control Study in France.Environmental health perspectives · 2015Article
- Organochlorine chemicals and neurodegeneration among elderly subjects in Costa Rica.Environmental research · 2014Article
- Developmental exposure to the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan damages the nigrostriatal dopamine system in male offspring.Neurotoxicology · 2014Article
- Elevated serum pesticide levels and risk for Alzheimer disease.JAMA neurology · 2014Article
- Considerations on the role of environmental toxins in idiopathic Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.Translational neurodegeneration · 2014Review
- A biomonitoring study on blood levels of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane among people living close to an industrial area.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have identified specific pesticides. Previously, we identified elevated serum levels of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) in PD patients from a small clinical sample. Here, we conducted a case-control study to confirm the association between β-HCH and PD in a larger sample size (n=283) with serum samples of PD patients and controls obtained from UT Southwestern Medical Center and Emory University. Samples were obtained from two discrete periods at both sites, 2001-2003 and 2006-2008, and were analyzed for β-HCH levels. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PD were estimated using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. The mean serum β-HCH level across all cohorts in this study was 22.3 ng/mg cholesterol (range: 0-376.7), and the levels were significantly higher and samples collected in 2001-2003 vs. 2006-2008. After controlling for age and gender, the OR for increased risk of PD for every 1 ng/mg increase in serum β-HCH ranged from 1.02 to 1.12 across the four different cohorts, and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.07, p value=0.031) in the pooled analysis. Furthermore, the OR for increased risk of PD of subjects having serum β-HCH levels above the inter-quartile range of 39.08 ng/mg cholesterol was 2.85 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.48; p value<0.001). These data are consistent with environmental decreases in β-HCH levels between 2001 and 2008, but they indicate that elevated levels of serum β-HCH are still associated with heightened risk for PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.