ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2011
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and kidney volume in the offspring: the Generation R Study.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental exposures and pediatric kidney function and disease: A systematic review.Environmental research · 2017Pooled it
- A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of Protein Intake Early in Life on Kidney Volume and Blood Pressure at 11 Years of Age.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Protecting Kidney Health in the First 1000 Days: The Pediatrician's Role in Safeguarding the Weakest.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kidney care at NICU discharge and follow-up recommendations for preterm infants<34 weeks.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Gene Expression in Smokers: An Integrative Transcriptomic Approach.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: Mind the Gap Between Reality and Expectations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Early life factors and variation in adult kidney function in the Swedish LifeGene cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kidney Programming and Hypertension: Linking Prenatal Development to Adulthood.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Early-life exposures and long-term health: adverse gestational environments and the programming of offspring renal and vascular disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Review
- Involuntary tobacco smoke exposures from conception to 18 years increase midlife cardiometabolic disease risk: a 40-year longitudinal study.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2023Article
- Low glomerular number at birth can lead to the development of chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Impact of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Placental Function and Respiratory Neural Network Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- The First Thousand Days: Kidney Health and Beyond.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Influence of Second-Hand Smoke and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Biomarkers, Genetics and Physiological Processes in Children-An Overview in Research Insights of the Last Few Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Programming of Renal Development and Chronic Disease in Adult Life.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Preschool Children Exposed to Smokeless Tobacco in Fetal Life.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome.Toxics · 2018Review
- Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic disease and impacts renal health in offspring.Bioscience reports · 2018Review
- MitoQ supplementation prevent long-term impact of maternal smoking on renal development, oxidative stress and mitochondrial density in male mice offspring.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An adverse fetal environment leads to smaller kidneys, with fewer nephrons, which might predispose an individual to the development of kidney disease and hypertension in adult life. In a prospective cohort study among 1,072 children followed from early fetal life onward, we examined whether maternal smoking during pregnancy, as a significant adverse fetal exposure, is associated with fetal (third trimester of pregnancy, n = 1,031) and infant kidney volume (2 years of age, n = 538) measured by ultrasound. Analyses were adjusted for various potential confounders. Among mothers who continued smoking, we observed dose-dependent associations between the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and kidney volume in fetal life. Smoking less than five cigarettes per day was associated with larger fetal combined kidney volume, while smoking more than ten cigarettes per day tended to be associated with smaller fetal combined kidney volume (p for trend: 0.002). This pattern was not significant for kidney volume at the age of 2 years. Our results suggest that smoking during pregnancy might affect kidney development in fetal life with a dose-dependent relationship. Further studies are needed to assess the underlying mechanisms and whether these differences in fetal kidney volume have postnatal consequences for kidney function and blood pressure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.