ArticleDiabetologia2011
Long-term effects of insulin glargine on the risk of breast cancer.
Article in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucose-lowering medications and the risk of cancer: A methodological review of studies based on real-world data.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Pooled it
- Treatment with insulin (analogues) and breast cancer risk in diabetics; a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro, animal and human evidence.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2015Pooled it
- Associations between ghrelin and ghrelin receptor polymorphisms and cancer in Caucasian populations: a meta-analysis.BMC genetics · 2014Pooled it
- Use of insulin and insulin analogs and risk of cancer - systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Current drug safety · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Adverse drug events associated with insulin glargine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cancer biology in diabetes update: Focusing on antidiabetic drugs.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Review
- NR2F2 plays a major role in insulin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- Observational
- Long-term exposure to insulin and volumetric mammographic density: observational and genetic associations in the Karma study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Observational
- A Cohort Study of Metformin and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Article
- Effects of insulin and analogues on carcinogen-induced mammary tumours in high-fat-fed rats.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Genome-Wide Analyses Identify Filamin-A As a Novel Downstream Target for Insulin and IGF1 Action.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Cancer risk among insulin users: comparing analogues with human insulin in the CARING five-country cohort study.Diabetologia · 2017Article
- Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- Insulin, insulin receptors, and cancer.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2016Review
- Insulin glargine use and breast cancer risk: Associations with cumulative exposure.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2016Article
- Opportunities and Challenges in Developing a Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Electronic Primary Care Data.PloS one · 2016Article
- Prolonged use of human insulin increases breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes.BMC cancer · 2015Article
- Clinical pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients with secondary diabetes after systemic therapy: a retrospective multicenter study.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThere have been growing concerns regarding the long-term effects of insulin glargine (A21Gly,B31Arg,B32Arg human insulin) on the risk of breast cancer.
methodsWe used the UK's General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to identify a cohort of women aged 40 years or over with type 2 diabetes, treated with insulin during 2002-2006 and followed until the first breast cancer diagnosis or 31 December 2009. After the users of insulin glargine had been matched with users of other insulins on age, calendar time and duration of prior insulin use, the HR of breast cancer associated with insulin glargine use was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for known risk factors for breast cancer.
resultsThe cohort comprised 15,227 women, including 4,579 glargine users and 10,648 users of other insulins, of which 246 developed breast cancer during up to 8 years follow-up (incidence rate 4.1 per 1,000 per year). Insulin glargine use was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer during the first 5 years of use (HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7-1.3). The risk tended to increase after 5 years (HR 1.8; 95% CI 0.8-4.0), and significantly so for the women who had been on insulin before starting glargine (HR 2.7; 95% CI 1.1-6.5). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe risk of breast cancer in women with type 2 diabetes is not increased during the first 5 years of insulin glargine use. However, longer-term use may increase this risk, particularly in women with longstanding use of insulin before starting insulin glargine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.