ReviewEndocrine-related cancer2011
Killing the second messenger: targeting loss of cell cycle control in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
Review in Endocrine-related cancer, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toremifene versus tamoxifen for advanced breast cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Efficacy of everolimus and letrozole with or without ribociclib in recurrent endometrial cancer: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Phase II Study of Palbociclib (PD-0332991) in CCND1, 2, or 3 Amplification: Results from the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol Z1B.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of the Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of SHR6390, An Oral CDK4/6 Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers.Drugs in R&D · 2022Trial
- CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Resistance, and Emerging Opportunities.Targeted oncology · 2026Review
- Endocrine Therapy for Endometrial Carcinoma: Current Evidence, Resistance Mechanisms, and Biomarker-Driven Patient Selection.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Major clinical advances in gynecologic cancer in 2025: from de-escalation strategies to precision therapies beyondJournal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Review
- AMICI: Attention Mechanism Interpretation of Cell-cell Interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Emerging opportunities to treat drug-resistant breast cancer: Discovery of novel small-molecule inhibitors against different targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Prospects of Abemaciclib for Patients with Endometrial Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Palbociclib: Randomized Studies and Real-world Evidence as the Basis for Therapeutic Planning in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2024Article
- CAR-based immunotherapy for breast cancer: peculiarities, ongoing investigations, and future strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Monopolar spindle 1 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer through phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- A rapid reduction in tumor size by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in hormone receptor-positive postpartum breast cancer: a case report of two patients and a review of the literature.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Estrogen Therapy Resistance and Novel Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2022Review
- Temporal proteomics reveal specific cell cycle oncoprotein downregulation by p97/VCP inhibition.Cell chemical biology · 2022Article
- SAKK 21/12: a phase II trial of transdermal CR1447 in breast cancer patients.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2022Article
- Exploring new pathways in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2022Review
- Phase 1a study of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, FCN-437c, in Chinese patients with HR + /HER2- advanced breast cancer.Investigational new drugs · 2021Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority (∼70%) of breast cancers are steroid hormone receptor (SR) positive at the time of diagnosis. Endocrine therapies that target estrogen receptor α (ERα) action (tamoxifen, toremifene, fulvestrant) or estrogen synthesis (aromatase inhibitors: letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane; or ovarian suppression) are a clinical mainstay. However, up to 50% of SR+ breast cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to these clinical interventions. Mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies often include upregulation and/or activation of signal transduction pathways that input to cell cycle regulation. Cyclin D1, the regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent protein kinases four and six (CDK4/6) serves as a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways. In a recent paper entitled 'Therapeutically Activating Retinoblastoma (RB): Reestablishing Cell Cycle Control in Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer', Thangavel et al. reported maintenance of cyclin D1 expression and RB phosphorylation in the face of ER ablation in multiple breast cancer cell line models of endocrine resistance. RB-dysfunction defined a unique gene signature that was associated with luminal B-type breast cancer and predictive of poor response to endocrine therapies. Notably, a new CDK4/6 inhibitor (PD-0332991) was capable of inducing growth arrest by a mechanism that was most consistent with cellular senescence. In this review, these findings are discussed in the context of SRs as important mediators of cell cycle progression, and the frequent loss of cell cycle checkpoint control that typifies breast cancer progression. These studies provide renewed hope of effectively stabilizing endocrine-resistant breast cancers using available complementary (to endocrine-based therapies) cytostatic agents in the form of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.