ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2011
Immunomodulatory effects of cyclophosphamide and implementations for vaccine design.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01513109 (A Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of WT1-A10 + AS01B Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic), which is not on this map. Cited by 169 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of WT1-A10 + AS01B Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic (ASCI) Combined With Infusions of ex Vivo Regulatory T Cells Depleted T Lymphocytes in in Vivo Regulatory T Cells Depleted Patients as Post-consolidation Therapy for Adult Patients With WT1-positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in CR1 (for High Risk Patients) or in CR2 or CR3 Who Are Not Eligible for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT).
Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 303 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Genetic Variation of GST, CYP, and ABC on the Safety and Efficacy of Cyclophosphamide-Based Therapy.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Phase II study of ERC1671 plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab plus placebo in recurrent glioblastoma: interim results and correlations with CD4CNS oncology · 2018Trial
- A randomized phase II trial of personalized peptide vaccine with low dose cyclophosphamide in biliary tract cancer.Cancer science · 2017Trial
- Low-dose cyclophosphamide enhances antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine in patients with advanced melanoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Article
- Synergistic Interactions Between Gut and Intratumoral Microbiota: A New Perspective on the Oncogenesis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Dynamics of the immune repertoire in recurrent, locally advanced NSCLC not amenable for definitive therapy and in stage IV disease receiving first-line chemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- New approaches to treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with Colla corii asini.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Improving T cell expansion by optogenetically engineered bacteria-loaded MMP-2-responsive cyclophosphamide for antitumor immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- TF-343 Recovered Cyclophosphamide-Induced Compromised Immune Status in a Mouse Model.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhanced tumor response to adoptive T cell therapy with PHD2/3-deficient CD8 T cells.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Role of Gut Microbiome in Cancer Treatment.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Oncolytic virus and tumor-associated macrophage interactions in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Identification of CAPG as a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration and ferroptosis in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer risk, and the mediating role of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug repositioning refers to the utilization of a known compound in a novel indication underscoring a new mode of action that predicts innovative therapeutic options. Since 1959, alkylating agents, such as the lead compound cyclophosphamide (CTX), have always been conceived, at high dosages, as potent cytotoxic and lymphoablative drugs, indispensable for dose intensity and immunosuppressive regimen in the oncological and internal medicine armamentarium. However, more recent work highlighted the immunostimulatory and/or antiangiogenic effects of low dosing CTX (also called "metronomic CTX") opening up novel indications in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CTX markedly influences dendritic cell homeostasis and promotes IFN type I secretion, contributing to the induction of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes and/or the proliferation of adoptively transferred T cells, to the polarization of CD4(+) T cells into TH1 and/or TH17 lymphocytes eventually affecting the Treg/Teffector ratio in favor of tumor regression. Moreover, CTX has intrinsic "pro-immunogenic" activities on tumor cells, inducing the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death on a variety of tumor types. Fifty years after its Food and Drug Administration approval, CTX remains a safe and affordable compound endowed with multifaceted properties and plethora of clinical indications. Here we review its immunomodulatory effects and advocate why low dosing CTX could be successfully combined to new-generation cancer vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.