Trial reportDiabetes care2011
Long-term outcome of individuals treated with oral insulin: diabetes prevention trial-type 1 (DPT-1) oral insulin trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of oral insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of oral insulin versus placebo for patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of pharmacologyPooled it
- Effect of Oral Insulin on Early Combined Glucose and C-Peptide Endpoints in Individuals at High-Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2024Trial
- Preexisting insulin autoantibodies predict efficacy of otelixizumab in preserving residual β-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Reducing Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: The Impact of Screening Programs and Early Disease-Modifying Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Teplizumab in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Disease-modifying therapies and features linked to treatment response in type 1 diabetes prevention: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Biomaterial Strategies for Selective Immune Tolerance: Advances and Gaps.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Monitoring immunomodulation strategies in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Association of HLA-DQ Heterodimer Residues -18β and β57 With Progression From Islet Autoimmunity to Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Preventing type 1 diabetes in late-stage pre-diabetic NOD mice with insulin: A central role for alum as adjuvant.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- From Disease and Patient Heterogeneity to Precision Medicine in Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its oral tolerance therapy.World journal of diabetes · 2020Review
- Precision medicine in diabetes: a Consensus Report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Oral therapy with colonization factor antigen I prevents development of type 1 diabetes in Non-obese Diabetic mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Immunomodulatory Dual-Sized Microparticle System Conditions Human Antigen Presenting Cells Into a Tolerogenic PhenotypeFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Unmethylated Insulin as an Adjunctive Marker of Beta Cell Death and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Participants at Risk for Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Complex dietary polysaccharide modulates gut immune function and microbiota, and promotes protection from autoimmune diabetes.Immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the long-term intervention effects of oral insulin on the development of type 1 diabetes and to assess the rate of progression to type 1 diabetes before and after oral insulin treatment was stopped in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe follow-up included subjects who participated in the early intervention of oral insulin (1994-2003) to prevent or delay type 1 diabetes. A telephone survey was conducted in 2009 to determine whether diabetes had been diagnosed and, if not, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and autoantibody levels were obtained on all subjects who agreed to participate.
resultsOf 372 subjects randomized, 97 developed type 1 diabetes before follow-up; 75% of the remaining 275 subjects were contacted. In the interim, 77 subjects had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 54 of the remainder have had an OGTT; 10 of these were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, subsequently. Among individuals meeting the original criteria for insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) (≥80 nU/mL), the overall benefit of oral insulin remained significant (P=0.05). However, the hazard rate in this group increased (from 6.4% [95% CI 4.5-9.1] to 10.0% [7.1-14.1]) after cessation of therapy, which approximated the rate of individuals treated with placebo (10.2% [7.1-14.6]).
conclusionsOverall, the oral insulin treatment effect in individuals with confirmed IAA≥80 nU/mL appeared to be maintained with additional follow-up; however, once therapy stopped, the rate of developing diabetes in the oral insulin group increased to a rate similar to that in the placebo group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.