ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2012
Cardiovascular adjustments in breath-hold diving: comparison between divers and non-divers in simulated dynamic apnoea.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Low-Frequency Oscillation Responses to Voluntary Breath-Hold.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular, respiratory and splenic responses to rebreathing and apnoea during exercise.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Advances in breath-hold diving research: a state-of-the-art review.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- The physiological effects of breath-holding during high-intensity exercise.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- The interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers and non-breath-hold divers.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Sex-based variations in breath-holding: oxygen storage and diving response among non-divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Serum Amino Acid Profile Changes After Repetitive Breath-Hold Dives: A Preliminary Study.Sports medicine - open · 2022Article
- A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Baroreflex responses during dry resting and exercise apnoeas in air and pure oxygen.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- The Human Dive Reflex During Consecutive Apnoeas in Dry and Immersive Environments: Magnitude and Synchronicity.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Electrical Impedance to Easily Discover Undeclared Freeze-thaw Cycles in Slaughtered Bovine Meat.Journal of electrical bioimpedance · 2021Article
- Effect of Apnea-Induced Hypoxia on Cardiovascular Adaptation and Circulating Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Responses to Simultaneous Diving and Muscle Metaboreflex Activation.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Acute Biochemical, Cardiovascular, and Autonomic Response to Hyperbaric (4 atm) Exposure in Healthy Subjects.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
- Prolonged dry apnoea: effects on brain activity and physiological functions in breath-hold divers and non-divers.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Article
- Modeling the diving bradycardia: Toward an "oxygen-conserving breaking point"?European journal of applied physiology · 2015Article
- A beat-by-beat analysis of cardiovascular responses to dry resting and exercise apnoeas in elite divers.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Article
- Hemodynamic adjustments during breath-holding in trained divers.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The diving response is the sequence of cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic adjustments produced by apnoea and further strengthened by cooling of the facial area and/or hypoxia. This study aimed at comparing the cardiovascular response to diving of trained divers with that of a control group. In this order, 14 trained divers were compared with 14 non-divers. By means of impedance cardiography and continuous monitoring of arterial pressure, hemodynamic data were collected during three different experimental sessions. Each session included a cycle-ergometer exercise against a workload of 0.5 W kg(-1) of body mass, pedalling in a steady-state condition. During exercise, each subject randomly accomplished 40 s of breath-hold exercise with face immersion (test A) or in air (test B). A control exercise test with normal breathing (test C) was also performed. Divers showed a faster onset of bradycardic response (ANOVA, P < 0.01) and a faster adjustment in systemic vascular resistance (P < 0.001 for divers vs. controls) than did non-divers. Moreover, cardiac output decreased only in divers during the first phase of test A (P < 0.01 for divers vs. controls). The most striking findings were that divers showed a more rapid cardiovascular adjustment with respect to controls, in particular in heart rate and systemic vascular resistance; moreover, with continued apnoea, a delayed increase in myocardial performance and stroke volume occurred and obscured the cardiovascular effects of the diving response.
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