Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21606529›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011

Circulating influenza virus, climatic factors, and acute myocardial infarction: a time series study in England and Wales and Hong Kong.

Charlotte Warren-Gash, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Andrew Hayward, Gabriel M Leung, Su-Vui Lo, Chit-Ming Wong, Joanna Ellis, Richard Pebody, Liam Smeeth, Benjamin J Cowling

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Seasonal dynamics of myocardial infarctions in regions with different types of a climate: a meta-analysis.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Charlotte Warren-GashUCL Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Research Department of Infection & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, UK. c.warrengash@ucl.ac.uk
Krishnan Bhaskaran
Andrew Hayward
Gabriel M Leung
Su-Vui Lo
Chit-Ming Wong
Joanna Ellis
Richard Pebody
Liam Smeeth
Benjamin J Cowling

Funding

Understanding and controlling antibiotic resistanceU54GM088558 · NIGMS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI LIPSITCH, MARC · 2009 to 2018
$26.4M
Medical Research Council G0600511Medical Research Council G0800689Medical Research Council G0800767Medical Research Council MC_U122785833NIGMS NIH HHS 1 U54GM088558
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies identifying associations between influenza and acute cardiac events may have been confounded by climatic factors. Differing seasonal patterns of influenza activity in Hong Kong and England and Wales provide a natural experiment to examine associations with myocardial infarction (MI) independent of cold weather effects.

methodsWeekly clinical and laboratory influenza surveillance data, environmental temperature and humidity data, and counts of MI-associated hospitalizations and deaths were obtained for England and Wales and for Hong Kong for the period 1998-2008. We used Poisson regression models that included environmental and seasonal variables to investigate the relationship between influenza and MI.

resultsThere were ≥1.2 million MI-associated hospitalizations and 410,204 MI-associated deaths in England and Wales, with a marked peak in the winter season. In Hong Kong, the incidence of MI, on the basis of 65,108 hospitalizations and 18,780 deaths, had a large winter and smaller summer peak, mirroring patterns of influenza activity. There was strong evidence for a link between influenza and MI both in England and Wales, where 3.1%-3.4% of MI-associated deaths (P < .001) and 0.7%-1.2% of MI-associated hospitalizations (P < .001) were attributable to influenza, and in Hong Kong, where the corresponding figures were 3.9%-5.6% (P = .018) and 3.0%-3.3% (P = .002).

conclusionsInfluenza was associated with an increase in MI-associated deaths and hospitalizations in 2 contrasting settings.

Indexed as

ClimateInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeAdultAgedAged, 80 and overEnglandFemaleHong KongHospitalizationHumansInfluenza, HumanMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPoisson DistributionRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID21606529
PMCPMC3100509

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.