Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21606218›Full record

ReviewEndocrine reviews2011

Role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani, Luke Norton, Ralph A Defronzo

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 200 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
200citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
17.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02613897 nacompletedstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

A 16-wk, Uni-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Phase 3b Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Saxagliptin + Dapagliflozin vs.Dapagliflozin With Regard to EGP in T2DM With Insufficient Glycemic Control on Metformin+/-Sulfonylurea Therapy

Ran2016Enrolled56Registered outcomes9Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsdapagliflozin, Placebo, Saxagliptin
PMID 24463448PMID 9742977PMID 21781152PMID 18726829PMID 25425451PMID 21114605PMID 24947443PMID 21205122PMID 15277443PMID 15549021PMID 17244786PMID 17613449other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02911792 phase4completedstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Farxiga on Renal Function and Size in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Hyperfiltration

Ran2016Enrolled72Registered outcomes1Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsdapagliflozin, Glipizide 5 MG, Metformin
PMID 19198800PMID 2030719PMID 20496053PMID 2190281PMID 21940401PMID 22773704PMID 24334174PMID 24334175PMID 24927646PMID 3011862PMID 3712971PMID 6940408other papers from this trial
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NCT04183868 phase4completedstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Effects of Empagliflozin Versus Glimepiride After 26-weeks of Treatment Add on Metformin on Myocardial Metabolic Rate of Glucose Estimated Through 18FDG-PET in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2016Enrolled26Registered outcomes10Posted comparisons0ConditionsCardiovascular Risk Factor, Type 2 DiabetesArmsempagliflozin 10 mg, Glimepiride 2 mg
PMID 24929430PMID 24463454PMID 26378978PMID 8883708PMID 9673301PMID 9742976PMID 758126PMID 30999996PMID 29496507PMID 11511119PMID 11815441PMID 8366922other papers from this trial
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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

200 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 432 citations in OpenAlex.

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140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Muhammad A Abdul-GhaniDiabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA. albarado@uthscsa.edu
Luke Norton
Ralph A Defronzo
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperglycemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, i.e., glucotoxicity, and it also is the major risk factor for microvascular complications. Thus, effective glycemic control will not only reduce the incidence of microvascular complications but also correct some of the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the progression of the disease. Achieving durable tight glycemic control is challenging because of progressive β-cell failure and is hampered by increased frequency of side effects, e.g., hypoglycemia and weight gain. Most recently, inhibitors of the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter have been developed to produce glucosuria and reduce the plasma glucose concentration. These oral antidiabetic agents have the potential to improve glycemic control while avoiding hypoglycemia, to correct the glucotoxicity, and to promote weight loss. In this review, we will summarize the available data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of this novel antidiabetic therapeutic approach.

Indexed as

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucoseGlycosuria, RenalHumansHyperglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsKidneySodium-Glucose Transporter 2GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID21606218
OpenAlexW2105660444

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.