ArticleInfection and immunity2011
The hybrid histidine kinase Hk1 is part of a two-component system that is essential for survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in feeding Ixodes scapularis ticks.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Virulence Regulation inMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- MCP5, a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein regulated by both the Hk1-Rrp1 and Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathways, is required for the immune evasion of Borrelia burgdorferi.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- The plasmid-encoded members of paralogous gene family 52 are dispensable to the enzootic cycle ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Hitchhiker's Guide toJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- MCP5, a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein regulated by both the Hk1-Rrp1 and Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathways, is required for the immune evasion ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- BadR directly represses the expression of the glycerol utilization operon in the Lyme disease pathogen.Journal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathway plays an important role in the blood-brain barrier transmigration of the Lyme disease pathogen.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- c-di-GMP regulates activity of the PlzA RNA chaperone from the Lyme disease spirochete.Molecular microbiology · 2023Article
- Chemotaxis Coupling Protein CheWInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Role of the Hypothetical Protein BB0563 during Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Animals.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- BosR and PlzA reciprocally regulate RpoS function to sustain Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks and mammals.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Riboflavin salvage by Borrelia burgdorferi supports carbon metabolism and is essential for survival in the tick vector.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- The Consistent Tick-Vertebrate Infectious Cycle of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Enables Borrelia burgdorferi To Control Protein Expression by Monitoring Its Physiological Status.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Review
- Potential Regulatory Role in Mammalian Host Adaptation for a Small Intergenic Region of Lp17 in the Lyme Disease Spirochete.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Probing the Role ofInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- PlzA is a bifunctional c-di-GMP biosensor that promotes tick and mammalian host-adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCS) are principal mechanisms by which bacteria adapt to their surroundings. Borrelia burgdorferi encodes only two TCS. One is comprised of a histidine kinase, Hk2, and the response regulator Rrp2. While the contribution of Hk2 remains unclear, Rrp2 is part of a regulatory pathway involving the spirochete's alternate sigma factors, RpoN and RpoS. Genes within the Rrp2/RpoN/RpoS regulon function to promote tick transmission and early infection. The other TCS consists of a hybrid histidine kinase, Hk1, and the response regulator Rrp1. Hk1 is composed of two periplasmic sensor domains (D1 and D2), followed by conserved cytoplasmic histidine kinase core, REC, and Hpt domains. In addition to its REC domain, Rrp1 contains a GGDEF motif characteristic of diguanylate cyclases. To investigate the role of Hk1 during the enzootic cycle, we inactivated this gene in two virulent backgrounds. Extensive characterization of the resulting mutants revealed a dramatic phenotype whereby Hk1-deficient spirochetes are virulent in mice and able to migrate out of the bite site during feeding but are killed within the midgut following acquisition. We hypothesize that the phosphorelay between Hk1 and Rrp1 is initiated by the binding of feeding-specific ligand(s) to Hk1 sensor domain D1 and/or D2. Once activated, Rrp1 directs the synthesis of cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), which, in turn, modulates the expression and/or activity of gene products required for survival within feeding ticks. In contrast to the Rrp2/RpoN/RpoS pathway, which is active only within feeding nymphs, the Hk1/Rrp1 TCS is essential for survival during both larval and nymphal blood meals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.