ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2011
Predominance of Th2 polarization by vitamin D through a STAT6-dependent mechanism.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01656070 (Vitamin D Status and T Cell Phenotype in HIV-infected Youth Supplemented With Cholecalciferol), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vitamin D Status and T Cell Phenotype in HIV-infected Youth Supplemented With Cholecalciferol: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-Immune Crosstalk in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Role of Micronutrients, with Emphasis on Vitamin D.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Vitamin D Levels on Inflammatory Status: A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Studies.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Low-Dose Vitamin DFrontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Higher serum vitamin D levels are associated with protective serum cytokine profiles in patients with ulcerative colitis.Cytokine · 2018Trial
- Evaluating Associations Between Ankylosing Spondylitis, Torque Teno Virus and Polymorphisms in Interleukin 6 and Vitamin D Receptor Genes.International journal of immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is an agonist of the Alzheimer's disease-associated immune receptor TREM2.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: From Immunomodulation to Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Vitamin D dynamics predict treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoids in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and the aging skin: insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier function.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Paricalcitol promotes the maturation of immune granulomas in an experimental model of superoxide dismutase A-induced inflammation.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between fat-soluble vitamins and aging-associated immune system status: a literature review.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- The genetics of hyper IgE syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Cell-Intrinsic STAT6 Protein on Donor T Cell-Mediated Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vitamin D and allergic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Involvement of the secosteroid vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Human germline heterozygous gain-of-function STAT6 variants cause severe allergic disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels.Cells · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- The correlation between vitamin D and levels of IFN-γ, NF-κB, thyroid antibodies in down syndrome: study in Indonesian children.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D has several reported immunomodulatory properties including the reduced generation of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells and the increase in levels of the anti-inflammatory Th2 subset. Less clear has been the impact of vitamin D on the pro-inflammatory Th17 subset, and whether and how vitamin D may preferentially drive the polarization of one of the T helper subsets.
methodsUsing human peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells and mouse splenocytes and lymph node cells in culture, we examined whether and how vitamin D preferentially skews T cells towards the Th1, Th2 or Th17 subsets. Mice afflicted with the multiple sclerosis-like condition, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), were examined in vivo for the relevance of the tissue culture-derived results.
resultsWe report that the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 {1,25(OH)2D3}, consistently generates human and murine Th2 cells in culture, frequently leaving unchanged the levels of Th1/Th17 cytokines. As a result, the ratio of Th2 to Th1 and Th17 is increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. The upregulation of Th2 to Th1 or Th17 subsets by 1,25(OH)2D3 is enabled by an increase of the GATA-3 transcription factor, which itself is promoted upstream by an elevation of the STAT6 transcription factor. In mice, the alleviation of EAE severity by 1,25(OH)2D3 is accompanied by elevation of levels of GATA-3 and STAT6. Significantly, the efficacy of 1,25(OH)2D3 in ameliorating EAE is completely lost in mice genetically deficient for STAT6, which was accompanied by the inability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to raise GATA-3 in STAT6 null lymphocytes.
conclusionsThese results of vitamin D promoting a Th2 shift through upstream GATA-3 and STAT6 transcription factors shed mechanistic understanding on the utility of vitamin D in MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.