ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2012
Sex steroids and schizophrenia.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Article
- Developmental and evolutionary changes in sensorimotor integration to maintain coordination of corollary discharge and afferent input in electric fish.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Aging in Schizophrenia: Perspectives on Molecular Mechanisms and a Mini-review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Review
- Trends and future burden of schizophrenia in youth across G20 countries: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease 2021 study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Investigating the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and sex hormone traits.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring sexual and romantic functioning as early risk factors of schizophrenia: a narrative review.Sexual medicine · 2025Review
- Risk of Mental Disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Retrospective Cohort Study of a Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Sex-informed estrogen receptor modulation in schizophrenia: a male-focused ERβ/GPER1 framework for cognitive and negative symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gonadal hormone abnormalities in young patients with first-episode schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Antipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation in premenopausal women with schizophrenia: associations with estrogen, disease severity and cognition.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential effects of cannabis constituents on schizophrenia-related psychosis: a rationale for incorporating cannabidiol into a schizophrenia therapeutic regimen.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, sex hormones and cognitive decline in male patients with schizophrenia receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- A higher dysregulation burden of brain DNA methylation in female patients implicated in the sex bias of Schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association between polymorphism rs2421943 of the insulin-degrading enzyme and schizophrenia: Preliminary report.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sex and pubertal influences on the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of schizophrenia: A case for longitudinal research on adolescents.Schizophrenia research · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Psychosis: Focus on Animal Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a second peak in incidence following menopause. Two meta-analyses have reported that men have an overall ∼40% greater chance of developing schizophrenia than do women (Aleman et al., 2003; McGrath et al., 2004). These and other findings have led to the suggestion that ovarian hormones may be protective against schizophrenia. Less explored is the potential role of testosterone in schizophrenia, although disruptions in steroid levels have also been reported in men with the illness. The relationship between increased gonadal hormone release per se and peri-adolescent vulnerability for psychiatric illness is difficult to tease apart from other potentially contributory factors in clinical studies, as adolescence is a turbulent period characterized by many social and biological changes. Despite the obvious opportunity provided by animal research, surprisingly little basic science effort has been devoted to this important issue. On the other hand, the animal work offers an understanding of the many ways in which gonadal steroids exert a powerful impact on the brain, both shaping its development and modifying its function during adulthood. Recently, investigators using preclinical models have described a greater male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental insults that are associated with schizophrenia; such studies may provide clinically relevant insights into the role of gonadal steroids in psychiatric illness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.