ArticlePloS one2011
INSL3 in the ruminant: a powerful indicator of gender- and genetic-specific feto-maternal dialogue.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects ofAnimal biotechnology · 2025Article
- INSL3 Variation in Dogs Following Suppression and Recovery of the HPG Axis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Long read isoform sequencing reveals hidden transcriptional complexity between cattle subspecies.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Comparative Genomic Characterization of Relaxin Peptide Family in Cattle and Buffalo.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Expression and Role of INSL3 in the Fetal Testis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
- Amniotic Fluid INSL3 Measured During the Critical Time Window in Human Pregnancy Relates to Cryptorchidism, Hypospadias, and Phthalate Load: A Large Case-Control Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Atlas of tissue- and developmental stage specific gene expression for the bovine insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system.PloS one · 2018Article
- Relaxin-like peptides in male reproduction - a human perspective.British journal of pharmacology · 2017Review
- Theca Cell INSL3 and Steroids Together Orchestrate the Growing Bovine Antral Follicle.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Relaxin-Family Peptide Receptors 1 and 2 Are Fully Functional in the Bovine.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- The Male Fetal Biomarker INSL3 Reveals Substantial Hormone Exchange between Fetuses in Early Pig Gestation.PloS one · 2016Article
- The Effect of Calf Gender on Milk Production in Seasonal Calving Cows and Its Impact on Genetic Evaluations.PloS one · 2016Article
- Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.PloS one · 2014Article
- Functional link between bone morphogenetic proteins and insulin-like peptide 3 signaling in modulating ovarian androgen production.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Maternal and paternal genomes differentially affect myofibre characteristics and muscle weights of bovine fetuses at midgestation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Insulin-like peptide 3 in domestic animals with normal and abnormal reproductive functions, in comparison to rodents and humans.Reproductive medicine and biologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hormone Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a major secretory product of the Leydig cells from both fetal and adult testes. Consequently, it is a major gender-specific circulating hormone in the male fetus, where it is responsible for the first phase of testicular descent, and in the adult male. In most female mammals, circulating levels are very low, corresponding to only a small production of INSL3 by the mature ovaries. Female ruminants are exceptional in exhibiting high INSL3 gene expression by the thecal cells of antral follicles and by the corpora lutea. We have developed a specific and sensitive immunoassay to measure ruminant INSL3 and show that, corresponding to the high ovarian gene expression, non-pregnant adult female sheep and cows have up to four times the levels observed in other female mammals. Significantly, this level declines during mid-pregnancy in cows carrying a female fetus, in which INSL3 is undetectable. However, in cows carrying a male fetus, circulating maternal INSL3 becomes elevated further, presumably due to the transplacental transfer of fetal INSL3 into the maternal circulation. Within male fetal blood, INSL3 is high in mid-pregnancy (day 153) corresponding to the first transabdominal phase of testicular descent, and shows a marked dependence on paternal genetics, with pure bred or hybrid male fetuses of Bos taurus (Angus) paternal genome having 30% higher INSL3 levels than those of Bos indicus (Brahman) paternity. Thus INSL3 provides the first example of a gender-specific fetal hormone with the potential to influence both placental and maternal physiology.
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Registered trials
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