Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21602684›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in psychiatry2011

The role of latent internalizing and externalizing predispositions in accounting for the development of comorbidity among common mental disorders.

Ronald C Kessler, Maria Petukhova, Alan M Zaslavsky

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Child and adolescent psychiatry: challenges, solutions, opportunities, and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026
    Article
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  14. Review
  15. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2019
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Implications of the Hierarchical Structure of Psychopathology for Psychiatric Neuroimaging.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2017
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ronald C KesslerDepartment of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Maria Petukhova
Alan M Zaslavsky

Funding

Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
Psychometric Analyses of the CIDI-AR01MH066627 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ZASLAVSKY, ALAN M · 2002 to 2007
$2.3M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
Drug Dependence Epidemiology and EnviromicsK05DA015799 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2015
$1.4M
Prevalence of and Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal BehaviorsR01MH077883 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI NOCK, MATTHEW K · 2007 to 2009
$1.4M
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
Lebanon-Epidemiology: The NCS Replication StudyR03TW006481 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2004 to 2006
$142k
FIC NIH HHS FIRCA R03-TW006481FIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA015799NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIDA NIH HHS R01-DA016558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH066627NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077883NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH077883NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH66627NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849NIMH NIH HHS R13-MH066849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewAlthough numerous studies have examined the latent structure of internalizing and externalizing mental disorders, the effects of this structure in predicting the development of comorbidity have remained unexamined until recently. RECENT

findingsA novel approach to study the effects of latent internalizing and externalizing predispositions to the development of comorbidity was used to analyze data from 14 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Pervasive significant positive associations were found between temporally primary and secondary internalizing and externalizing disorders in survival analyses, with time-lagged associations consistently stronger within domains than between domains. The vast majority of these associations were explained by latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive compulsive disorder were the most important internalizing components and hyperactivity disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder the most important externalizing components. Several intriguing residual time-lagged associations remained significant, though, even after controlling latent predispositions. SUMMARY: The latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most comorbidity among internalizing-externalizing disorders. These pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although isolation of consistent residual time-lagged associations between certain pairs of primary-secondary disorders is also important in pointing the way to subsequent focused study.

Indexed as

ComorbidityHumansMental DisordersModels, PsychologicalPersonality DevelopmentRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID21602684
PMCPMC3708605

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.