ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011
TLR2 mediates the innate response of retinal Muller glia to Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resolvin D1 requires TLR2-FPR2 crosstalk for inflammation resolution and protection during ocular bacterial infection.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Chitosan-Coated Silver-Vancomycin Nanoparticles for Treatment of Bacterial Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differential Expression of ARG1 and MRC2 in Retinal Müller Glial Cells During Autoimmune Uveitis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Myeloid Cell-Specific Deletion of AMPKα1 Worsens Ocular Bacterial Infection by Skewing Macrophage Phenotypes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Candidate SNP Markers Significantly Altering the Affinity of the TATA-Binding Protein for the Promoters of Human Genes Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A inhibited ocular angiogenesis through modulating glial activation via SOCS3.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- miR-27a-3p promotes inflammatory response in infectious endophthalmitis via targeting TSC1.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Network pharmacology and experimental verification of the mechanism of licochalcone A againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Immunobiology of a rationally-designed AAV2 capsid following intravitreal delivery in mice.Gene therapy · 2023Article
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Butyrate Ameliorates Intraocular Bacterial Infection by Promoting Autophagy and Attenuating the Inflammatory Response.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Transcriptomics and systems biology identify non-antibiotic drugs for the treatment of ocular bacterial infection.iScience · 2022Article
- Systemic Candida albicans Infection in Mice Causes Endogenous Endophthalmitis via Breaching the Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Essential Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating IL-1β Production and the Pathobiology of Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- C-X-C Chemokines Influence Intraocular Inflammation During Bacillus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Article
- Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics identifies itaconate as an adjunct therapy to treat ocular bacterial infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Article
- Vaccinia Virus Protein B18R: Influence on mRNA Immunogenicity and Translation upon Non-Viral Delivery in Different Ocular Cell Types.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Bacterial Burden Declines But Neutrophil Infiltration and Ocular Tissue Damage Persist in ExperimentalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Innate Immune Interference Attenuates Inflammation In Bacillus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Muller cells, the principal glia of the retina, play several key roles in normal and various retinal diseases. To date, their direct involvement in retinal innate defense against bacterial pathogens has not been investigated. In this article, we show that Muller cells express TLR2, a key sensor implicated in recognizing Gram-positive bacteria. We found that intravitreal injection of TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys and Staphylococcus aureus activated Muller glia in C57BL/6 mouse retina. Similarly, Pam3Cys or S. aureus elicited the expression of TLR2 and activated the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling cascade. Concomitant with the activation of signaling pathways, transcriptional expression and secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), chemokines (IL-8), and antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) were also induced in Muller glia. Importantly, the culture media derived from TLR2-activated Muller glia exhibited robust bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, use of neutralizing Ab, small interfering RNA, and pharmacological inhibitors revealed that Muller glial innate response to S. aureus is mediated via the TLR2-NF-κB axis. Collectively, this study for the first time, to our knowledge, establishes that the retinal Muller glia senses pathogens via TLR2 and contributes directly to retinal innate defense via production of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.