ArticleImmunity2011
Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses.
Article in Immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02580435 (Deciphering the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 483 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Deciphering the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
483 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nutrition and Gut Microbiome in the Prevention of Food Allergy.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Distinct Inflammation-Associated Microbiome Signatures in Pediatric Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Localization of TCR-expressing natural intraepithelial lymphocytes in the colon epithelium depends on GPR15 and epithelium-derived C10ORF99.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Gnotobiotic mouse models as tools for dissecting the role of the microbiota in allergy: contributions from the laboratory of gnotobiology in Nový Hrádek.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Review
- Epigenetic Alterations in Microbiome-Host Interactions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Microbial crosstalk along the oral-gut axis: organ-specific oncogenic adaptations of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Strain-level antigen variation facilitates immune evasion in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Subchronic exposure to the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin disrupts gut microbiota composition in rats.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Microbiological mechanisms of immune response modulation: clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Striking a balance: how the gut microbiome shapes the fate of intestinal CD4+ T cells.Discovery immunology · 2026Review
- Design and application of synthetic human gut microbial communities.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- T cells regulate intestinal motility and shape enteric neuronal responses to intestinal microbiota.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- C10ORF99 (GPR15L) increases susceptibility to colitis and colitis-induced colorectal cancer via GPR15-independent mechanisms, while mediating GPR15-dependent T cell migration to the large intestine.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Strain-Level Differences ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Identification of distinct cDC2 subpopulations that direct microbiota-specific T cell differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intestinal epithelial Ceacam1 deficiency prevents steroid-refractory acute gut graft-versus-host disease.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Targeting immunosenescence and inflammaging: advancing longevity research.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in pigs: current status and future perspective.Animal microbiome · 2025Review
423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mammals harbor a dense commensal microbiota in the colon. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are known to limit microbe-triggered intestinal inflammation and the CD4+ T cell compartment is shaped by the presence of particular microbes or bacterial compounds. It is, however, difficult to distinguish whether these effects reflect true mutualistic immune adaptation to intestinal colonization or rather idiosyncratic immune responses. To investigate truly mutualistic CD4+ T cell adaptation, we used the altered Schaedler flora (ASF). Intestinal colonization resulted in activation and de novo generation of colonic Treg cells. Failure to activate Treg cells resulted in the induction of T helper 17 (Th17) and Th1 cell responses, which was reversed by wild-type Treg cells. Efficient Treg cell induction was also required to maintain intestinal homeostasis upon dextran sulfate sodium-mediated damage in the colon. Thus, microbiota colonization-induced Treg cell responses are a fundamental intrinsic mechanism to induce and maintain host-intestinal microbial T cell mutualism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21596591What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.