Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21596297›Full record

ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2011

An evidence-based update on myopia and interventions to retard its progression.

Seo-Wei Leo, Terri L Young

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02903628 (Vice-president, Nurse, Principal Investigator), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02903628 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2012, after this paper: background citation

Vice-president, Nurse, Principal Investigator

TypeinterventionalSponsorWenzhou Medical UniversityRan2012 to 2015Enrolled1,517ConditionsMyopiaArmseye health education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Dose-Dependent Effects of Atropine on Accommodative and Binocular Visual Function for Myopia Control in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Pooled it
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  4. Subtype-Specific Efficacy of Adrenoceptor Agonists in Inhibiting Lens-Induced Myopia in Chicks.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Article
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  6. HarnessingGut microbes · 2025
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  9. Access to Myopia Care in the United States-A Narrative Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Seo-Wei LeoNational Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore. drleoseowei@gmail.com
Terri L Young
Duke University · USKK Women's and Children's Hospital · SG

Funding

The Molecular Genetics of High MyopiaR01EY014685 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI YOUNG, TERRI LOIS · 2003 to 2017
$8.1M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF MYOPIAK23EY000376 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI YOUNG, TERRI LOIS · 1998 to 2002
$547k
Use Of Microarrays and Epigenetics In Gene Expression Of Uveitis & AMD PatientsZ01EY000376 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI NUSSENBLATT, ROBERT B. · 2001 to 2008
$201k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 EY000376NEI NIH HHS K23 EY000376NEI NIH HHS R01 EY014685
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Myopia is the most common human eye disorder. With its increasing prevalence and earlier age-of-onset in recent birth cohorts, myopia now affects almost 33% of adults in the United States, and epidemic proportions of 85% to 90% adults in Asian cities. Unlike children in Western populations, where the prevalence of myopia is very low (less than 5%), Asian children have prevalences as high as 29% in 7-year-olds. In addition to the direct economic and social burdens of myopia, associated ocular complications may lead to substantial vision loss. This workshop summarizes the current literature regarding myopia epidemiology, genetics, animal model studies, risk factors, and clinical treatments. Published treatment strategies to retard the progression of myopia in children, such as pharmacologic agents, progressive addition lenses, and neural adaptation programs, are outlined.

Indexed as

Orthokeratologic ProceduresSensory DeprivationAnimalsAtropineDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMuscarinic AntagonistsMyopiaPirenzepinePrevalenceRisk FactorsAtropineMuscarinic AntagonistsPirenzepine

Identifiers

PMID21596297
PMCPMC3688263
OpenAlexW1995677406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.