ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2011
Microsecond thermal ablation of skin for transdermal drug delivery.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Solid lipid nanoparticles of guggul lipid as drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery.BioMed research international · 2013Trial
- A comprehensive review of thermal ablation technologies for transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms, commercial products, and future smart systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Skin Barrier-Informed Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery: Excipient-Driven Strategies, Vehicle Transformation, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Transdermal needle-free drug delivery approaches and activation mechanism.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in Post-procedure Recovery in Aesthetic Medicine: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Electro-Stimulated Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites Enable Wearable Patches With Feedback-Controlled Drug Release.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Topical delivery of high-drug-loading nanoparticle gels for psoriasis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Wearable bioelectronics for cancer theranostics.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle Skin Penetration: Depths and Routes Modeled In-Silico.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Liposomal Nanocarriers to Enhance Skin Delivery of Chemotherapeutics in Cancer Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Review on the Mechanisms, Applications, and Clinical Trials of Advanced Technologies in the Transdermal Drug Delivery System.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Design Features, Quality by Design Approach, Characterization, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Considerations of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems-A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Advancements in Skin-Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- The Fundamental Role of Lipids in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Dermal Delivery and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cannabidiol.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Copper sulfide nanostructures: synthesis and biological applications.RSC advances · 2022Review
- Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Transdermal Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: Strategies, Requirements, and Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Stem Cells as a Target for the Delivery of Active Molecules to Skin by Topical Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Thermal ablation is a promising mechanism to increase permeability of the skin's outer barrier layer of stratum corneum while sparing deeper living tissues. In this study, finite element modeling predicted that the skin surface should only be heated on the microsecond timescale in order to avoid significant temperature rises in living cells and nerve endings in deeper tissue. To achieve such short thermal pulses, we developed a microdevice that rapidly heats a few microliters of water by an electrical discharge and ejects the resulting superheated steam at the skin surface on a timescale on the order of 100 μs. According to its design, we showed that this microdevice selectively removed stratum corneum of cadaver skin without significantly removing deeper tissue. This one-dimensional depth control was supplemented through the use of a masking film containing 100 μm-diameter holes placed on the skin surface during ablation to define the ablated skin area and thereby provide three-dimensional control over tissue removal. Using this approach, thermal ablation increased skin permeability to sulforhodamine B and bovine serum albumin by at least 1000-fold in vitro. We conclude that microsecond thermal ablation of skin can selectively remove stratum corneum and thereby dramatically increase skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.